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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

SCHEDULE 14A

Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of
the

Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Amendment

(Amendment No.     )

Filed by the Registrant  ☐                             Filed by a Party other than the Registrant  ☐

Check the appropriate box:

Filed by the Registrantý

Filed by a Party other than the Registranto

Check the appropriate box:

o

 

Preliminary Proxy Statement

o


Confidential, for Use of the Commission Only (as permitted by Rule14a-6(e)(2))

ý


Definitive Proxy Statement

o


Definitive Additional Materials

o


Soliciting Material under §240.14a-12
§240.14a-12

Twilio Inc.

(Name of Registrant as Specified In Its Charter)

 

(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if other than the Registrant)

Payment of Filing Fee (Check the appropriate box):

Twilio Inc.

(Name of Registrant as Specified In Its Charter)


(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if other than the Registrant)

Payment of Filing Fee (Check the appropriate box):

ý

 

No fee required.

o


Fee computed on table below per Exchange Act Rules14a-6(i)(1) and0-11.
 (1) 

Title of each class of securities to which transaction applies:

 (2) 

Aggregate number of securities to which transaction applies:

 (3) 

Per unit price or other underlying value of transaction computed pursuant to Exchange Act Rule0-11 (set forth the amount on which the filing fee is calculated and state how it was determined):

 (4) 

Proposed maximum aggregate value of transaction:

 (5) 

Total fee paid:


o


Fee paid previously with preliminary materials.

o


Check box if any part of the fee is offset as provided by Exchange Act Rule0-11(a)(2) and identify the filing for which the offsetting fee was paid previously. Identify the previous filing by registration statement number, or the Form or Schedule and the date of its filing.



(1)

 

(1)

Amount Previously Paid:

 (2) 

Form, Schedule or Registration Statement No.:

 (3) 

Filing Party:

 (4) 

Date Filed:


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LOGO


LOGO

TWILIO INC.
375 BEALE

101 SPEAR STREET, SUITE 300
FIRST FLOOR

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 94105

NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS

To Be Held at 9:00 a.m. Pacific Time on Thursday,Wednesday, June 14, 20183, 2020

Dear Stockholders of Twilio Inc.:

We cordially invite you to attend the 20182020 annual meeting of stockholders (the "Annual Meeting") of Twilio Inc., a Delaware corporation, which will be held virtually onThursdayWednesday,June 14, 20183, 2020 at 9:00 a.m. Pacific Time via live audio webcast on the Internet at Three Embarcadero Center, 27th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94111www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/TWLO2020, for the following purposes, as more fully described in the accompanying proxy statement:

Due to recent developments with the coronavirus(COVID-19), the public health and travel concerns our stockholders may have, and the protocols that federal, state and local governments may impose, our Board of Directors has determined to hold a live audio webcast in lieu of anin-person meeting in order to support the health and well-being of our employees, stockholders, directors and community. You will be able to vote and submit your questions during the meeting atwww.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/TWLO2020. The health and safety of our employees, stockholders, directors and community is paramount and we believe that holding a virtual meeting will enable greater stockholder attendance and help accommodate participants who may be unable or unwilling to travel to anin-person meeting as a result of measures implemented in response to the coronavirus outbreak. As always, we encourage you to vote your shares prior to the Annual Meeting either by telephone, Internet or by proxy card to help make this meeting format as efficient as possible.

Our board of directors has fixed the close of business on April 16, 20186, 2020 as the record date for the Annual Meeting. Only stockholders of record on April 16, 20186, 2020 are entitled to notice of and to vote at the Annual Meeting. Further information regarding voting rights and the matters to be voted upon is presented in the accompanying proxy statement.

On or about April 27, 2018,22, 2020, we expect to mail to our stockholders a Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials (the "Notice") containing instructions on how to access our proxy statement for our 20182020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the "Proxy Statement") and our Annual Report on Form10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 20172019 (the "Annual Report"). The Proxy Statement and the Annual Report can be accessed directly at the following Internet address: http://materials.proxyvote.com/90138F. All you have to do is enter the control number located on your proxy card.

YOUR VOTE IS IMPORTANT. Whether or not you plan to attend the Annual Meeting, we urge you to submit your vote via the Internet, telephone or mail as soon as possible to ensure that your shares are represented. For additional instructions on voting by telephone or the Internet, please refer to your proxy card. Returning the proxy does not deprive you of your right to attend the Annual Meeting and to vote your shares at the Annual Meeting.

We appreciate your continued support of Twilio.

By order of the Board of Directors,

SIG

LOGO

Jeff Lawson

Co-Founder,Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson of the Board

San Francisco, California

April 27, 201822, 2020



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PROCEDURAL MATTERS

   1 

BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

   
8
7
 

PROPOSAL NO. 1—ELECTION OF DIRECTORS

   
19
21
 

PROPOSAL NO. 2—RATIFICATION OF APPOINTMENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

   
20
22
 

PROPOSAL NO.3—NON-BINDING ADVISORY VOTE TO APPROVE THE COMPENSATION OF OUR NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

   
22
24
 

PROPOSAL NO. 4—NON-BINDING ADVISORY VOTE ONREPORT OF THE FREQUENCY OF FUTURE NON-BINDING ADVISORY VOTES TO APPROVE THE COMPENSATION OF OUR NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERSAUDIT COMMITTEE

   
23
25
 

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

REPORT OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE

   
24
26
 

EXECUTIVE OFFICERSCOMPENSATION

   
25
28
 

COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

   
27
28
 

COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSISCOMMITTEE REPORT

   
27
53
 

EQUITY COMPENSATION COMMITTEE REPORTPLAN INFORMATION

   
52
54
 

EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION


53

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT

   
54
56
 

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

   
58
60
 

OTHER MATTERS

   
60
63
 

APPENDIX A

   
A-1
 



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TWILIO INC.



PROXY STATEMENT

FOR
2018

2020 ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS




PROCEDURAL MATTERS

This proxy statement and the enclosed form of proxy are furnished in connection with the solicitation of proxies by our board of directors for use at the 20182020 annual meeting of stockholders of Twilio Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), and any postponements, adjournments or continuations thereof (the "Annual Meeting"). The Annual Meeting will be held virtually onThursdayWednesday,June 14, 2018 3, 2020 at 9:00 a.m. Pacific Time at Three Embarcadero Center, 27th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94111via live audio webcast. You will be able to attend the virtual Annual Meeting, vote your shares electronically and submit your questions during the live audio webcast of the meeting by visiting www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/TWLO2020 and entering your sixteen-digit control number located on your proxy card.The Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials (the "Notice") containing instructions on how to access this proxy statement and our annual report is first being mailed on or about April 27, 201822, 2019 to all stockholders entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting.

The information provided in the "question“question and answer"answer” format below is for your convenience only and is merely a summary of the information contained in this proxy statement. You should read this entire proxy statement carefully. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not intended to be incorporated by reference into this proxy statement and references to our website address in this proxy statement are inactive textual references only.

What matters am I voting on?

You will be voting on:

    the election of three Class III directors to serve until the 20212023 annual meeting of stockholders and until their successors are duly elected and qualified;

a proposal to ratify the appointment of KPMG LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2018;

2020;

a proposal to conduct anon-binding advisory vote to approve the compensation of our named executive officers;

a proposal to conduct a non-binding advisory vote on the frequency of future non-binding advisory votes to approve the compensation of our named executive officers; and

any other business as may properly come before the Annual Meeting.

How does the board of directors recommend I vote on these proposals?

Our board of directors recommends a vote:


statement.

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Who is entitled to vote?

Holders of either class of our common stock as of the close of business on April 16, 2018,6, 2020, the record date for the Annual Meeting, may vote at the Annual Meeting. As of the record date, there were 71,815,976128,613,795 shares of our Class A common stock outstanding and there were 23,928,24411,356,940 shares of our Class B common stock outstanding. Our Class A common stock and Class B common stock will vote as a single class on all matters described in this proxy statement for which your vote is being solicited. Stockholders are not permitted to cumulate votes with respect to the election of directors. Each share of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote on each proposal and each share of Class B common stock is entitled to 10 votes on each proposal. Our Class A common stock and Class B common stock are collectively referred to in this proxy statement as our "common“common stock."

Registered Stockholders.    If shares of our common stock are registered directly in your name with our transfer agent, you are considered the stockholder of record with respect to those shares, and the Notice was provided to you directly by us. As the stockholder of record, you have the right to grant your voting proxy directly to the individuals listed on the proxy card or to vote liveonline at the Annual Meeting. Throughout this proxy statement, we refer to these registered stockholders as "stockholders“stockholders of record."

Street Name Stockholders.    If shares of our common stock are held on your behalf in a brokerage account or by a bank or other nominee, you are considered to be the beneficial owner of shares that are held in "street“street name," and the Notice was forwarded to you by your broker or nominee, who is considered the stockholder of record with respect to those shares. As the beneficial owner, you have the right to direct your broker, bank or other nominee as to how to vote your shares. Beneficial owners are also invited to attend the Annual Meeting. However, since a beneficial owner is not the stockholder of record, you may not vote your shares of our common stock liveby Internet at the Annual Meeting unless you follow your broker'sbroker’s procedures for obtaining a legal proxy. If you request a printed copy of our proxy materials by mail, your broker, bank or other nominee will provide a voting instruction form for you to use. Throughout this proxy statement, we refer to stockholders who hold their shares through a broker, bank or other nominee as "street“street name stockholders."

How many votes are needed for approval of each proposal?

Proposal No. 1:    The election of directors requires a plurality of the voting power of the shares of our common stock present virtually or by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote thereon to be approved. “Plurality” means that the nominees who receive the largest number of “For” votes cast are elected as directors. As a result, any shares not voted “For” a particular nominee (whether as a result of stockholder abstention or a brokernon-vote) will not be counted in such nominee’s favor and will have no effect on the outcome of the election. You may vote “For” or “Withhold” on each of the nominees for election as a director.

Proposal No. 2:    The ratification of the appointment of KPMG LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2020 requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power of the shares of our common stock present virtually or by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote thereon to be approved. Abstentions are considered shares present and entitled to vote on this proposal, and thus, will have the same effect as a vote “Against” this proposal. Brokernon-votes will have no effect on the outcome of this proposal.

Proposal No. 3:    A majority of the voting power of the shares of our common stock present virtually or by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote thereon is required to approve the compensation of our named executive officers. Since this proposal is an advisory vote, the result will not be binding on our board of directors, our compensation committee, or the Company. The board of directors and our compensation committee will consider the outcome of the vote when determining the compensation of our named executive officers. Abstentions are considered shares present and entitled to vote on this proposal, and thus, will have the same effect as a vote “Against” this proposal. Brokernon-votes will have no effect on the outcome of this proposal.


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      the vote when determining the compensation of our named executive officers. Abstentions are considered shares present and entitled to vote on this proposal, and thus, will have the same effect as a vote "Against" this proposal. Broker non-votes will have no effect on the outcome of this proposal.

    Proposal No. 4: The frequency receiving the highest number of votes from the voting power of shares of our common stock present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote will be considered the frequency preferred by the stockholders. Since this proposal is an advisory vote, the result will not be binding on our board of directors, our compensation committee, or the Company. The board of directors and our compensation committee will consider the outcome of the vote when determining how often we should submit to stockholders future advisory votes to approve the compensation of our named executive officers. Broker non-votes and abstentions will have no effect on the outcome of this proposal.

What is a quorum?

A quorum is the minimum number of shares required to be present at the Annual Meeting to properly hold an annual meeting of stockholders and conduct business under our amended and restated bylaws and Delaware law. The presence, in personvirtually or by proxy, of the holders of a majority of the voting power of all issued and outstanding shares of our common stock entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting will constitute a quorum at the Annual Meeting. Abstentions, withheld votes and brokernon-votes are counted as shares present and entitled to vote for purposes of determining a quorum.

How do I vote?

If you are a stockholder of record, there are four ways to vote:

    by Internet at www.proxyvote.com, 24 hours a day, seven days a week, until 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on June 13, 20182, 2020 (have your Notice or proxy card in hand when you visit the website);

    by toll-free telephone at1-800-690-6903, until 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on June 13, 20182, 2020 (have your Notice or proxy card in hand when you call);

    by completing and mailing your proxy card (if you received printed proxy materials); or

    by written ballotInternet during the Annual Meeting. Instructions on how to attend and vote at the Annual Meeting.

Meeting are described at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/TWLO2020.

If you plan to attend the Annual Meeting, we recommend that you also vote by proxy so that your vote will be counted if you later decide not to attend the Annual Meeting.

If you are a street name stockholder, you will receive voting instructions from your broker, bank or other nominee. You must follow the voting instructions provided by your broker, bank or other nominee in order to direct your broker, bank or other nominee on how to vote your shares. Street name stockholders should generally be able to vote by returning a voting instruction form, or by telephone or on the Internet. However, the availability of telephone and Internet voting will depend on the voting process of your broker, bank or other nominee. As discussed above, if you are a street name stockholder, you may not vote your shares in personby Internet at the Annual Meeting unless you obtain a legal proxy from your broker, bank or other nominee.

Can I change my vote?

Yes. If you are a stockholder of record, you can change your vote or revoke your proxy any time before the Annual Meeting by:

    entering a new vote by Internet or by telephone;

    completing and returning a later-dated proxy card;


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    notifying the Corporate Secretary of Twilio Inc., in writing, at Twilio Inc., 375 Beale101 Spear Street, Suite 300,First Floor, San Francisco, California 94105; or

    attending and voting electronically at the Annual Meeting (although attendance at the Annual Meeting will not, by itself, revoke a proxy).

In light of shelter-in-place restrictions currently in place due to COVID-19, we encourage stockholders to reach out to us by e-mail at legalnotices@twilio.com instead of physical mail to help ensure prompt receipt of any communications related to voting.

If you are a street name stockholder, your broker, bank or other nominee can provide you with instructions on how to change your vote.

Why won’t there be anin-person meeting this year?

Due to recent developments with the coronavirus(COVID-19), the public health and travel concerns our stockholders may have and the protocols that federal, state and local governments may impose, our

Board of Directors has determined to hold a virtual Annual Meeting via live audio webcast in lieu of anin-person meeting in order to support the health and well-being of our employees, stockholders, directors and community. You will be able to vote and submit your questions during the meeting at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/TWLO2020. The health and safety of our employees, stockholders, directors and community is paramount and we believe that holding a virtual meeting will enable greater stockholder attendance and help accommodate participants who may be unable or unwilling to travel to anin-person meeting as a result of measures implemented in response to the coronavirus outbreak.

What do I need to dobe able to attend the Annual Meeting in person?online?

We will be hosting our Annual Meeting via live audio webcast only. If you plan to attend the meeting, you must beare a holder of Company sharesstockholder as of the record date of April 16, 2018.

        On6, 2020 and wish to virtually attend the day of the meeting, each stockholder will be required to present the following:

        Seatingproxy materials). Instructions on how to participate in the Annual Meeting are also posted online at www.proxyvote.com. The webcast will begin at 8:00 a.m. and the meeting will beginstart at 9:00 a.m.. Please note that seating is limiteda.m., Pacific Time on June 3, 2020. Stockholders may vote and you will be permitted entry on a first-come, first-served basis. ask questions while attending the Annual Meeting online.

Use of cameras and recording devices computers and other personal electronic devices will not be permitted at the Annual Meeting, as all photography and video are prohibited atwhile virtually attending the Annual Meeting.live audio webcast.

        Allow ample time for check-in. Parking is limited. Please consider using public transportation. For security reasons, large bags and packages will not be allowed at the Annual Meeting. Persons may be subject to search.

What is the effect of giving a proxy?

Proxies are solicited by and on behalf of our board of directors. Jeff Lawson, Lee KirkpatrickKhozema Shipchandler and Karyn Smith have been designated as proxy holders by our board of directors. When proxies are properly dated, executed and returned, the shares represented by such proxies will be voted at the Annual Meeting in accordance with the instructions of the stockholder. If no specific instructions are given, however, the shares will be voted in accordance with the recommendations of our board of directors as described above. If any matters not described in this proxy statement are properly presented at the Annual Meeting, the proxy holders will use their own judgment to determine how to vote the shares. If the Annual Meeting is adjourned, the proxy holders can vote the shares on the new Annual Meeting date as well, unless you have properly revoked your proxy instructions, as described above.

Why did I receive a Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials instead of a full set of proxy materials?

In accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("(“SEC"), we have elected to furnish our proxy materials, including this proxy statement and our annual report, primarily via the Internet. The Notice containing instructions on how to access our proxy materials is first being mailed on or about April 27, 201822, 2020 to all stockholders entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting. Stockholders may request to receive all future proxy materials in printed form by mail or electronically bye-mail by following the instructions contained in the Notice. We encourage stockholders to take advantage of the


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availability of our proxy materials on the Internet to help reduce the environmental impact and cost of our annual meetings of stockholders.

How are proxies solicited for the Annual Meeting?

Our board of directors is soliciting proxies for use at the Annual Meeting. All expenses associated with this solicitation will be borne by us. We will reimburse brokers or other nominees for reasonable expenses that they incur in sending our proxy materials to you if a broker, bank or other nominee holds shares of our common stock on your behalf. In addition, our directors and employees may also solicit proxies in person, by telephone or by other means of communication. Our directors and employees will not be paid any additional compensation for soliciting proxies.

How may my brokerage firm or other intermediary vote my shares if I fail to provide timely directions?

Brokerage firms and other intermediaries holding shares of our common stock in street name for their customers are generally required to vote such shares in the manner directed by their customers. In the absence of timely directions, your broker will have discretion to vote your shares on our sole "routine"“routine” matter: the proposal to ratify the appointment of KPMG LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2018.2020. Your broker will not have discretion to vote on any other proposals, which are "non-routine"“non-routine” matters, absent direction from you.

Where can I find the voting results of the Annual Meeting?

We will announce preliminary voting results at the Annual Meeting. We will also disclose voting results on a Current Report on Form8-K that we will file with the SEC within four business days after the Annual Meeting. If final voting results are not available to us in time to file a Current Report on Form8-K within four business days after the Annual Meeting, we will file a Current Report on Form8-K to publish preliminary results and will provide the final results in an amendment to the Current Report on Form8-K as soon as they become available.

I share an address with another stockholder, and we received only one paper copy of the proxy materials. How may I obtain an additional copy of the proxy materials?

We have adopted a procedure called "householding,"“householding,” which the SEC has approved. Under this procedure, we deliver a single copy of the Notice and, if applicable, our proxy materials, to multiple stockholders who share the same address, unless we have received contrary instructions from one or more of such stockholders. This procedure reduces our printing costs, mailing costs and fees. Stockholders who participate in householding will continue to be able to access and receive separate proxy cards. Upon written or oral request, we will deliver promptly a separate copy of the Notice and, if applicable, our proxy materials, to any stockholder at a shared address to which we delivered a single copy of any of these materials. To receive a separate copy, or, if a stockholder is receiving multiple copies, to request that we only send a single copy of the Notice and, if applicable, our proxy materials, such stockholder may contact us at (415) 801-3799914-1444 or:

Twilio Inc.

Attention: Investor Relations
375 Beale

101 Spear Street, Suite 300
First Floor

San Francisco, CaliforniaCA 94105

ir@twilio.com

In light ofshelter-in-place restrictions currently in place due toCOVID-19, we encourage stockholders to contact us by telephone ore-mail instead of physical mail to help ensure timely receipt of any request for proxy materials.

Street name stockholders may contact their broker, bank or other nominee to request information about householding.


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What is the deadline to propose actions for consideration at next year'syear’s annual meeting of stockholders or to nominate individuals to serve as directors?

Stockholder Proposals

Stockholders may present proper proposals for inclusion in our proxy statement and for consideration at next year'syear’s annual meeting of stockholders by submitting their proposals in writing to our Corporate Secretary in a timely manner. For a stockholder proposal to be considered for inclusion in our proxy statement for the 20192021 annual meeting of stockholders, our Corporate Secretary must receive the written proposal at our principal executive offices not later than December 28, 2018.23,2020. In addition, stockholder

proposals must comply with the requirements of Rule14a-8 regarding the inclusion of stockholder proposals in company-sponsored proxy materials. Stockholder proposals should be addressed to:

Twilio Inc.

Attention: Corporate Secretary
375 Beale

101 Spear Street, Suite 300
First Floor

San Francisco, California 94105

Our amended and restated bylaws also establish an advance notice procedure for stockholders who wish to present a proposal before an annual meeting of stockholders but do not intend for the proposal to be included in our proxy statement. Our amended and restated bylaws provide that the only business that may be conducted at an annual meeting of stockholders is business that is (i) specified in our proxy materials with respect to such annual meeting, (ii) otherwise properly brought before such annual meeting by or at the direction of our board of directors or (iii) properly brought before such meeting by a stockholder of record entitled to vote at such annual meeting who has delivered timely written notice to our Corporate Secretary, which notice must contain the information specified in our amended and restated bylaws. To be timely for the 20192021 annual meeting of stockholders, our Corporate Secretary must receive the written notice at our principal executive offices:

not later than the close of business on March 13, 2019.8, 2021.

In the event that we hold the 20192020 annual meeting of stockholders more than 30 days before or more than 60 days after theone-year anniversary of the Annual Meeting, then, for notice by the stockholder to be timely, it must be received by the secretary not earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the 90th day prior to such annual meeting, or the tenth day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such annual meeting is first made.

If a stockholder who has notified us of his, her or its intention to present a proposal at an annual meeting of stockholders does not appear to present his, her or its proposal at such annual meeting, we are not required to present the proposal for a vote at such annual meeting.

Nomination of Director Candidates

Holders of our common stock may propose director candidates for consideration by our nominating and corporate governance committee. Any such recommendations should include the nominee'snominee’s name and qualifications for membership on our board of directors and should be directed to our General Counsel or legal department at the address set forth above. For additional information regarding stockholder recommendations for director candidates, see the section titled "Board“Board of Directors and Corporate Governance—Stockholder Recommendations and Nominations to the Board of Directors."


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In addition, our amended and restated bylaws permit stockholders to nominate directors for election at an annual meeting of stockholders. To nominate a director, the stockholder must provide the information required by our amended and restated bylaws. In addition, the stockholder must give timely notice to our Corporate Secretary in accordance with our amended and restated bylaws, which, in general, require that the notice be received by our Corporate Secretary within the time periods described above under the section titled "Stockholder Proposals"“Stockholder Proposals” for stockholder proposals that are not intended to be included in a proxy statement.

Availability of Bylaws

A copy of our amended and restated bylaws is available via the SEC'sSEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. You may also contact our Corporate Secretary at the address set forth above for a copy of the relevant bylaw provisions regarding the requirements for making stockholder proposals and nominating director candidates.


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BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Our business and affairs are managed under the direction of our board of directors. Our board of directors consists of seveneight directors, all of whom, other than Messrs.Mr. Lawson, and Deeter, qualify as "independent"“independent” under the listing standards of The New York Stock Exchange (the "NYSE Listing Standards"). Our board of directors is divided into three staggered classes of directors. At each annual meeting of stockholders, a class of directors will be elected for a three-year term to succeed the class whose term is then expiring.

The following table sets forth the names, ages as of March 31, 2018,2020, and certain other information for each of the members of our board of directors with terms expiring at the Annual Meeting (who are also nominees for election as a director at the Annual Meeting) and for each of the continuing members of our board of directors:

 
 Class Age Position Director
Since
 Current
Term
Expires
 Expiration
of Term
For Which
Nominated
 

Directors with Terms Expiring at the Annual Meeting/Nominees

                 

Jeff Lawson

 II  40 Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson  2008  2018  2021 

Byron Deeter

 II  43 Director  2010  2018  2021 

Jeffrey Epstein(2)

 II  61 Director  2017  2018  2021 

Continuing Directors

                 

Richard Dalzell(1)(4)

 I  61 Director  2014  2020   

Elena Donio(3)

 III  48 Director  2016  2019   

James McGeever(2)(3)(4)

 III  51 Director  2012  2019   

Erika Rottenberg(1)(2)(3)

 I  55 Director  2016  2020   

(1)
Member of the nominating and corporate governance committee

(2)
Member of the audit committee

(3)
Member of the compensation committee

(4)
Effective May 31, 2018, Mr. McGeever will resign from our audit committee and our compensation committee and Mr. Dalzell has been appointed to fill such vacancies.

  Class  Age  Director
Since
  Current
Term
Expires
  Expiration
of Term
for Which
Nominated
  Independent  Audit
Committee
  Compensation
Committee
  Nominating
and
Corporate
Governance
Committee
 

Directors with Terms Expiring at the Annual Meeting/Nominees

         

Richard Dalzell

  I   63   2014   2020   2023             

Jeff Immelt

  I   64   2019   2020   2023            

Erika Rottenberg

  I   57   2016   2020   2023             

Continuing Directors

         

Jeff Lawson

  II   42   2008   2021   —          

Byron Deeter

  II   45   2010   2021   —            

Elena Donio

  III   50   2016   2022   —            

Donna L. Dubinsky

  III   64   2018   2022   —            

Jeffrey Epstein

  II   63   2017   2021   —            

Nominees for Director

        Jeff Lawson.    See the section titled "Executive Officers" for Mr. Lawson's biographical information.

        Byron Deeter.    Mr. Deeter has served as a member of our board of directors since November 2010. Since 2005, Mr. Deeter has served as a partner of Bessemer Venture Partners, a venture capital firm. From 2004 to 2005, Mr. Deeter served as a director at International Business Machines Corporation, or IBM, a technology and consulting company. From 2000 to 2004, Mr. Deeter served in several roles at Trigo Technologies, Inc., a product information management company, which was acquired by IBM in 2004, including co-founder, President, Chief Executive Officer and Vice President of Business Development. From 1998 to 2000, Mr. Deeter served as an Associate at TA Associates, a private equity firm. From 1996 to 1998, Mr. Deeter served as an Analyst at McKinsey & Company, a business consulting firm. Mr. Deeter previously served on the board of directors of Cornerstone OnDemand, Inc., a talent management software company and Instructure, Inc., an educational


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technology company. Mr. Deeter holds a B.A. in Political Economy from the University of California, Berkeley.

        Mr. Deeter was selected to serve on our board of directors because of his experience in the venture capital industry and as a director of publicly-held and privately-held technology companies.

        Jeffrey Epstein.    Mr. Epstein has served as a member of our board of directors since July 2017. Mr. Epstein is an Operating Partner at Bessemer Venture Partners, a venture capital firm, which he joined in November 2011. From August 2011 to May 2014, he also served as a Senior Advisor at Oak Hill Capital Partners, a private equity firm. From September 2008 to April 2011, Mr. Epstein was Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Oracle Corporation, an enterprise software company. Since April 2003, Mr. Epstein has served as a director of The Priceline Group, Inc., a leading provider of online travel, and serves as a member of its Audit Committee and Compensation Committee. Since April 2012, Mr. Epstein has served as a member of the Board of Directors of Shutterstock, Inc., a global provider of licensed imagery, and serves as Chairman of its Audit Committee and as a member of its Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Since January 2013, Mr. Epstein has served as a member of the Board of Directors of Global Eagle Entertainment Inc., a provider of in-flight video, Internet and other content to airlines and their passengers, and serves as a member of its Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee. Mr. Epstein serves as a member of the Board of Directors of Kaiser Permanente, a leading U.S. not-for-profit health care provider and health plan. Mr. Epstein holds a B.A. from Yale University and an M.B.A. from Stanford University.

        Mr. Epstein was selected to serve on our board of directors because of his experience as an executive and director of technology companies.

Continuing Directors

Richard Dalzell.    Mr. Dalzell has served as a member of our board of directors since March 2014. From 1997 to 2007, Mr. Dalzell served in several roles at Amazon.com, Inc., ane-commerce and cloud computing company, including as Senior Vice President of Worldwide Architecture and Platform Software and Chief Information Officer. From 1990 to 1997, Mr. Dalzell served in several roles atWal-Mart Stores, Inc., a discount retailer, including as Vice President of the Information Systems Division. Mr. Dalzell currently serves on the board of directors of Intuit Inc., a software company. Mr. Dalzell previously served on the board of directors of AOL Inc. Mr. Dalzell holds a B.S. in Engineering from the United States Military Academy at West Point.

Mr. Dalzell was selected to serve on our board of directors because of his experience as an executive and director of technology companies.

        Elena Donio.Jeffrey Immelt.    Ms. Donio has served as a member of our board of directors since February 2016. Since 2016, Ms. Donio has served as Chief Executive Officer at Axiom Global, a leading provider of tech-enabled legal services. From 1998 to 2016, Ms. Donio served in several roles, including as President, Executive Vice President and General Manager of Worldwide Small and Mid-Sized Businesses, at Concur Technologies, Inc., a business travel and expense management software company, which was acquired by SAP SE in 2014. From 1995 to 1997, Ms. Donio served as Senior Manager at Deloitte Consulting LLP, a professional services firm. From 1992 to 1995, Ms. Donio served as Senior Consultant at Andersen Consulting LLP, a business consulting firm. Ms. Donio holds a B.A. in Economics from the University of California, San Diego.

        Ms. Donio was selected to serve on our board of directors because of her experience as a senior executive of a technology company and her industry experience.


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        James McGeever.    Mr. McGeeverImmelt has served as a member of our board of directors since June 2012. Since 2016,2019. Mr. McGeever hasImmelt is a venture partner of New Enterprise Associates (“NEA”), a venture capital firm, which he joined in 2018. From 2001 to 2017, Mr. Immelt served as Executive Vice Presidentchairman and chief executive officer of General Electric, a U.S. based multinational conglomerate. Prior to being appointed chief executive officer of General Electric, Mr. Immelt held several global leadership roles at Oracle NetSuite Global Business Unit. From 2000 to 2016, Mr. McGeever served in several roles, including Chief Financial Officer, Chief Operating Officer and President, at NetSuite Inc., a software company which was acquired by Oracle Corporation in 2016. From 1998General Electric from 1982 to 2000 in the Plastics, Appliances and Healthcare businesses. He was named one of the “World’s Best CEO’s” by Barron’s three times and currently serves on the board of NEA portfolio companies Collective Health, Desktop Metal and Radiology Partners and is a member of The American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Mr. McGeeverImmelt previously served as Controller for Clontech Laboratories, Inc.,director of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, a biotechnology company, which was acquired by Becton, Dickinsongovernment-organized financial and Company in 1999. From 1994 to 1998, Mr. McGeever servedmonetary policy organization, as Corporate Controller for Photon Dynamics, Inc.,chairman of the U.S. Presidential Council on Jobs

and Competitiveness and as a capital equipment maker. Mr. McGeevertrustee of Dartmouth College. He holds a B.Sc.B.A in applied mathematics from the London School of Economics.Dartmouth College and an M.B.A. from Harvard University.

Mr. McGeeverImmelt was selected to serve on our board of directors because of his operating and management experience withas a senior executive of technology companies including in the areasand as a director and chairman of finance and accounting.publicly-held companies.

Erika Rottenberg.    Ms. Rottenberg has served as a member of our board of directors since June 2016. Ms. Rottenberg joined the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative in 2018 and serves as its Vice President and General Counsel. From 2008 to 2014, Ms. Rottenberg served as Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary at LinkedIn Corporation, a professional networking company. From 2004 to 2008, Ms. Rottenberg served as Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary at SumTotal Systems, Inc., a talent management enterprise software company. From 1996 to 2002, Ms. Rottenberg served in several roles at Creative Labs, Inc., a computer peripheral and digital entertainment product company, including as Vice President, Strategic Development and General Counsel. From 1993 to 1996, Ms. Rottenberg served as an attorney at Cooley LLP, a law firm. Ms. Rottenberg currently servesserved on the board of directors of Nasdaq-listed Wix.com Ltd., a cloud-based web development platform, from 2014 to April 2020, and currently serves on the boards of Girl Scouts USA and the Silicon Valley Law Foundation, and the Center for Democracy and Technology.Foundation. Ms. Rottenberg holds a B.S. in Special and Elementary Education from the State University of New York at Geneseo and a J.D. from the University of California, Berkeley, Boalt Hall School of Law.

Ms. Rottenberg was selected to serve on our board of directors because of her experience as a senior executive of technology companies and as a director of publicly-held technology companies.

Continuing Directors

Jeff Lawson.    See the section titled “Executive Officers” for Mr. Lawson’s biographical information.

Byron Deeter.    Mr. Deeter has served as a member of our board of directors since November 2010. Since 2005, Mr. Deeter has served as a partner of Bessemer Venture Partners, a venture capital firm. From 2004 to 2005, Mr. Deeter served as a director at International Business Machines Corporation, or IBM, a technology and consulting company. From 2000 to 2004, Mr. Deeter served in several roles at Trigo Technologies, Inc., a product information management company, which was acquired by IBM in 2004, includingco-founder, President, Chief Executive Officer and Vice President of Business Development. From 1998 to 2000, Mr. Deeter served as an Associate at TA Associates, a private equity firm. From 1996 to 1998, Mr. Deeter served as an Analyst at McKinsey & Company, a business consulting firm. Mr. Deeter previously served on the board of directors of Cornerstone OnDemand, Inc., a talent management software company and Instructure, Inc., an educational technology company. Mr. Deeter holds a B.A. in Political Economy from the University of California, Berkeley.

Mr. Deeter was selected to serve on our board of directors because of his experience in the venture capital industry and as a director of publicly-held and privately-held technology companies.

Elena Donio.    Ms. Donio has served as a member of our board of directors since February 2016. Since 2016, Ms. Donio has served as Chief Executive Officer at Axiom Global, a leading provider oftech-enabled legal services. From 1998 to 2016, Ms. Donio served in several roles, including as President, Executive Vice President and General Manager of Worldwide Small andMid-Sized Businesses, at Concur Technologies, Inc., a business travel and expense management software company, which was acquired by SAP SE in 2014. From 1995 to 1997, Ms. Donio served as Senior Manager at Deloitte Consulting LLP, a professional services firm. From 1992 to 1995, Ms. Donio served as Senior Consultant at Andersen Consulting LLP, a business consulting firm. Ms. Donio holds a B.A. in Economics from the University of California, San Diego.

Ms. Donio was selected to serve on our board of directors because of her experience as a senior executive of a technology company and her industry experience.

Donna L.    Dubinsky. Ms. Dubinsky has served as a member of our board of directors since December 2018. Ms. Dubinsky was aco-founder of Numenta, Inc., a machine intelligence company, and has served as its Chief Executive Officer since 2005. Ms. Dubinsky alsoco-founded Handspring, a maker of PalmOS-based Visor- and Treo-branded personal digital assistants, and served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Handspring from 1998 to 2003, and as Acting Chief Financial Officer from 2002 to 2003. From 1992 to 1998, Ms. Dubinsky served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Palm Computing, Inc., one of the first companies to develop and design handheld computers and smartphones. From 1982 to 1991, Ms. Dubinsky served in a multitude of sales, sales support, and logistics functions at both Apple Inc. and Claris, an Apple software subsidiary. She currently serves on the boards of Numenta and Stanford Health Care in Palo Alto, CA. Ms. Dubinsky previously served on the board of Intuit Inc. and Yale University, including two years as Senior Fellow. Ms. Dubinsky holds a B.A. from Yale University, and an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School.

Ms. Dubinsky was selected to serve on our board of directors because of her experience as an entrepreneur and her industry experience.

Jeffrey Epstein.    Mr. Epstein has served as a member of our board of directors since July 2017. Mr. Epstein is an Operating Partner at Bessemer Venture Partners, a venture capital firm, which he joined in November 2011 and has served as Co-Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Apex Technology Acquisition Corp., a Nasdaq-listed blank check company, since April 2019. From September 2008 to April 2011, Mr. Epstein was Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Oracle Corporation, an enterprise software company. Prior to joining Oracle in 2008, Mr. Epstein served as chief financial officer of several public and private companies, including DoubleClick, an Internet advertising company, which was acquired by Google, Inc., King World Productions, a U.S production company and syndicator of television programming, which was acquired by CBS, and Nielsen’s Media Measurement and Information Group, an information, data and measurement company. Mr. Epstein previously served as a director of Booking Holdings (formerly The Priceline Group, Inc.), a leading provider of online travel, and as a member of its Audit Committee and Compensation Committee. Since April 2012, Mr. Epstein has served as a member of the Board of Directors of Shutterstock, Inc., a global provider of licensed imagery, and serves as Chairman of its Audit Committee and as a member of its Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Since April 2013, Mr. Epstein has served as a member of the Board of Directors of Kaiser Permanente, a leading U.S.not-for-profit health care provider and health plan. Mr. Epstein holds a B.A. from Yale University and an M.B.A. from Stanford University.

Mr. Epstein was selected to serve on our board of directors because of his experience as an executive and director of technology companies.

Director Independence

Our Class A common stock is listed on The New York Stock Exchange. Under the NYSE Listing Standards, independent directors must comprise a majority of a listed company'scompany’s board of directors. In addition, the NYSE Listing Standards require that, subject to specified exceptions, each member of a listed company'scompany’s audit, compensation and nominating and corporate governance committees be independent. Under the NYSE Listing Standards, a director will only qualify as an "independent director"“independent director” if, in the opinion of that listed company'scompany’s board of directors, that director does not have a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director.

Audit committee members must also satisfy the additional independence criteria set forth inRule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and the NYSE Listing Standards. Compensation committee members must also satisfy the additional independence criteria set forth in Rule10C-1 under the Exchange Act and the NYSE Listing Standards.

Our board of directors has undertaken a review of the independence of each director. Based on information provided by each director concerning his or her background, employment and affiliations, our board of directors has determined that Messrs. Dalzell, Epstein,Deeter, Immelt and McGeeverEpstein, and Mses. Donio,

Dubinsky and Rottenberg do not have a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director and that each of these directors is "independent"“independent” as that term is defined under the NYSE Listing Standards. In making these determinations, our board of directors considered the current and prior relationships that eachnon-employee director has with our Company and all other facts and circumstances our board of


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directors deemed relevant in determining their independence, including the beneficial ownership of our capital stock by eachnon-employee director, and the transactions involving them described in the section titled "Certain“Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions."

Board Leadership Structure and Role of Our Lead Independent Director

Mr. Lawson currently serves as both the Chairperson of our board of directors and as our Chief Executive Officer. Ournon-management directors bring experience, oversight and expertise from outside of our Company, while Mr. Lawson brings Company-specific experience and expertise. As ourco-founder, Mr. Lawson is best positioned to identify strategic priorities, lead critical discussiondiscussions and execute our business plans.

Since Mr. Lawson is the Chairperson of our board of directors and is not an "independent"“independent” director pursuant to the NYSE Listing Standards, in December 2017, we appointed Mr. Jeffrey Epstein to serve as our lead independent director. Mr. Epstein serves as a liaison between our Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson and our independent directors and performs such additional duties as our board of directors may otherwise determine and delegate. In addition, our independent directors, who are the sole members of each of our board committees, provide strong independent leadership for each of these committees. Our independent directors generally meet in executive session after each meeting of the board of directors. At each such meeting, the presiding director for each executive session of our board of directors will be either (i) the lead independent director or (ii) chosen by the independent directors.

We believe that the structure of our board of directors and committees of our board of directors provides effective independent oversight of management while Mr. Lawson'sLawson’s combined role enables strong leadership, creates clear accountability and enhances our ability to communicate our message and strategy clearly and consistently to stockholders.

Board Meetings and Committees

Our board of directors may establish the authorized number of directors from time to time by resolution. Our board of directors currently consists of seveneight members.

During our fiscal year ended December 31, 2017,2019, our board of directors held sevenfive meetings (including regularly scheduled and special meetings), and each director attended at least 75% of the aggregate of (i) the total number of meetings of our board of directors held during the period for which he or she had been a director and (ii) the total number of meetings held by all committees of our board of directors on which he or she served during the periods that he or she served.

Although our Corporate Governance Guidelines do not have a formal policy regarding attendance by members of our board of directors at annual meetings of stockholders, we encourage, but do not require, our directors to attend. SixAll members of our board of directors then serving in such capacity, except Messrs. Epstein and Deeter attended our 20172019 annual meeting of stockholders.

Our board of directors has established an audit committee, a compensation committee and a nominating and corporate governance committee. The composition and responsibilities of each of the committees of our board of directors is described below. Members serve on these committees until their resignation or until as otherwise determined by our board of directors.

    Audit Committee

    Our audit committee consists of Messrs.Mr. Epstein and McGeeverMses. Dubinsky and Ms. Rottenberg, with Mr. Epstein serving as Chairperson. Effective May 31, 2018, Mr. McGeever will resign from our audit committee and Mr. Dalzell has been appointed to fill such vacancy. Each member of our audit committee meets the requirements for independence under the NYSE Listing Standards and SEC


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    rules. Each member of our audit committee also meets the financial literacy and sophistication requirements of the NYSE Listing Standards. In addition, our board of directors has determined that Messrs.each of Mr. Epstein and McGeever are eachMs. Dubinsky is an audit committee financial expert within the meaning of Item 407(d) of RegulationS-K under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"). Our audit committee, among other things:

      selects a qualified firm to serve as the independent registered public accounting firm to audit our financial statements;

    helps to ensure the independence and performance of the independent registered public accounting firm;

    discusses the scope and results of the audit with the independent registered public accounting firm, and reviews, with management and the independent registered public accounting firm, our interim andyear-end results of operations;

    develops procedures for employees to submit concerns anonymously about questionable accounting or audit matters;

    reviews our policies on risk assessment and risk management;

    reviews related party transactions; and

    approves or, as required,pre-approves, all audit and all permissiblenon-audit services, other than de minimisnon-audit services, to be performed by the independent registered public accounting firm.

    Our audit committee operates under a written charter that satisfies the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and the NYSE Listing Standards. A copy of the charter of our audit committee is available on our website at https://investors.twilio.com/.

    Our audit committee held eightnine meetings during fiscal year 2017.2019.

    Our compensation committee consists of Mses.Ms. Donio and RottenbergMessrs. Dalzell and Mr. McGeever,Immelt, with Ms. Donio serving as Chairperson. Effective May 31, 2018, Mr. McGeever will resign from our compensation committee and Mr. Dalzell has been appointed to fill such vacancy. Each member of our compensation committee meets the requirements for independence under the NYSE Listing Standards and SEC rules. Each member of our compensation committee is also anon-employee director, as defined pursuant to Rule16b-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act or (“Rule 16b-3 and an outside director, as defined pursuant to Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). Our compensation committee, among other things:

    Our compensation committee operates under a written charter that satisfies the applicable rules of the SEC and the NYSE Listing Standards. A copy of the charter of our compensation committee is available on our website at https://investors.twilio.com/.

    Our compensation committee held foureight meetings during fiscal year 2017.2019.


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      Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

    Our nominating and governance committee consists of Ms. Rottenberg and Mr.Messrs. Dalzell and Deeter, with Ms. Rottenberg serving as Chairperson. Each member of our nominating and governance committee meets the requirements for independence under the NYSE Listing Standards and SEC rules. Our nominating and corporate governance committee, among other things:

      identifies, evaluates and selects, or makes recommendations to our board of directors regarding, nominees for election to our board of directors and its committees;

      considers and makes recommendations to our board of directors regarding the composition of our board of directors and its committees;

      reviews and assesses the adequacy of our corporate governance guidelines and policies and practices and recommends any proposed changes to our board of directors;

      oversees and

      periodically reviews our environmental, social and governance activities and programs; and

      evaluates the performance of our board of directors and of individual directors.

    Our nominating and corporate governance committee operates under a written charter that satisfies the applicable NYSE Listing Standards. A copy of the charter of our nominating and corporate governance committee is available on our website at https://investors.twilio.com/.

    Our nominating and corporate governance committee held threefour meetings during fiscal year 2017.2019.

    Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

    None of the members of our compensation committee is or has been an officer or employee of our Company. None of our executive officers currently serves, or in the past year has served, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee (or other board committee performing equivalent functions) of any entity that has one or more of its executive officers serving on our board of directors or compensation committee. See the section titled "Certain“Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions"Transactions” for information about related party transactions involving members of our compensation committee or their affiliates.

    Identifying and Evaluating Director Nominees

    The board of directors has delegated to the nominating and corporate governance committee the responsibility of identifying suitable candidates for nomination to the board of directors (including candidates to fill any vacancies that may occur) and assessing their qualifications in light of the policies and principles in these corporate governance guidelines and the committee'scommittee’s charter. The nominating and corporate governance committee may gather information about the candidates through interviews, detailed questionnaires, comprehensive background checks or any other means that the nominating and corporate governance committee deems to be appropriate in the evaluation process. The nominating and corporate governance committee then meets as a group to discuss and evaluate the qualities and skills of each candidate, both on an individual basis and taking into account the overall composition and needs of the board of directors. Based on the results of the evaluation process, the nominating and corporate governance committee recommends candidates for the board of director'sdirector’s approval as director nominees for election to the board of directors.

    Minimum Qualifications

    Our nominating and corporate governance committee uses a variety of methods for identifying and evaluating director nominees and will consider all facts and circumstances that it deems appropriate or

    advisable. In its identification and evaluation of director candidates, our nominating and corporate governance committee will consider the current size and composition of our board of directors and the needs of our board of directors and the respective committees of our board of directors. Some of the


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    qualifications that our nominating and corporate governance committee considers include, without limitation, issues of character, ethics, integrity, judgment, diversity of experience, independence, skills, education, expertise, business acumen, length of service, understanding of our business and industry, potential conflicts of interest and other commitments. Nominees must also have proven achievement and competence in their field, the ability to offer advice and guidance to our management team, the ability to make significant contributions to our success, and an understanding of the fiduciary responsibilities that are required of a director. Director candidates must have sufficient time available in the judgment of our nominating and corporate governance committee to perform all board of director and committee responsibilities. Members of our board of directors are expected to prepare for, attend, and participate in all board of director and applicable committee meetings. Other than the foregoing, there are no stated minimum criteria for director nominees, although our nominating and corporate governance committee may also consider such other factors as it may deem, from time to time, are in our and our stockholders'stockholders’ best interests.

    Although our board of directors does not maintain a specific policy with respect to board diversity, our board of directors believes that our board of directors should be a diverse body, and our nominating and corporate governance committee considersendeavors to consider candidates who represent a broad rangemix of backgrounds, gender, diversity of race or ethnicity, age, skills and experiences.professional experiences that enhance the quality of deliberations and decisions of the board of directors. In making determinations regarding nominations of directors, our nominating and corporate governance committee may taketakes into account the benefits of diverse viewpoints. Our nominating and corporate governance committee also considers these and other factors as it oversees the annual board of directors and committee evaluations. After completing its review and evaluation of director candidates, our nominating and corporate governance committee recommends to our full board of directors the director nominees for selection.

    Stockholder Recommendations and Nominations to the Board of Directors

    Stockholders may submit recommendations for director candidates to the nominating and corporate governance committee by sending the individual'sindividual’s name and qualifications to our General Counsel at Twilio Inc., 375 Beale101 Spear Street, Suite 300,First Floor, San Francisco, CA 94105, who will forward all recommendations to the nominating and corporate governance committee. The nominating and corporate governance committee will evaluate any candidates recommended by stockholders against the same criteria and pursuant to the same policies and procedures applicable to the evaluation of candidates proposed by directors or management.

    Stockholder and Other Interested Party Communications

    The board of directors provides to every stockholder and any other interested parties the ability to communicate with the board of directors, as a whole, and with individual directors on the board of directors through an established process for stockholder communication. For a stockholder communication directed to the board of directors as a whole, stockholders and other interested parties may send such communication to our General Counsel via U.S. Mail or Expedited Delivery Service to: Twilio Inc., 375 Beale101 Spear Street, Suite 300,First Floor, San Francisco, CA 94105, Attn: Board of Directors c/o General Counsel.

    For a stockholder or other interested party communication directed to an individual director in his or her capacity as a member of the board of directors, stockholders and other interested parties may send such communication to the attention of the individual director via U.S. Mail or Expedited Delivery Service to: Twilio Inc., 375 Beale101 Spear Street, Suite 300,First Floor, San Francisco, CA 94105, Attn: [Name of Individual Director].

    In light ofshelter-in-place restrictions currently in place due toCOVID-19, we encourage stockholders toe-mail any such communications to us at legalnotices@twilio.com to help ensure prompt receipt. Our General Counsel, in consultation with appropriate members of our board of directors as necessary, will review all incoming communications and, if appropriate, all such communications will be


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    forwarded to the appropriate member or members of our board of directors, or if none is specified, to the Chairperson of our board of directors.

    Corporate Governance Guidelines and Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

    Our board of directors has adopted Corporate Governance Guidelines that address items such as the qualifications and responsibilities of our directors and director candidates and corporate governance policies and standards applicable to us in general. In addition, our board of directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics that applies to all of our employees, officers and directors including our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and other executive and senior financial officers. A copy of our Corporate Governance Guidelines and Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is available on our Internet website at https://investors.twilio.com and may also be obtained without charge by contacting our Corporate Secretary at Twilio Inc., 375 Beale101 Spear Street, Suite 300,First Floor, San Francisco, CA 94105. We intend to disclose any amendments to our code of business conduct and ethics, or waivers of its requirements, on our website or in filings under the Exchange Act, as required by the applicable rules and exchange requirements. During fiscal year 2017,2019, no waivers were granted from any provision of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics.

    Our Commitment to Environmental, Social and Governance Matters

    At Twilio, we recognize the impact that a business can have on its surrounding community and environment, and we believe that an organization has the responsibility to be a good corporate citizen. We also value our employees and recognize the critical roles that they play in the achievement of ourlong-term goals and overall success. The following is intended as a summary of some of the steps we are taking to create a safe and inclusive workplace for our employees and to foster positive impact in our communities and for our stakeholders.

    Board Oversight

    We are committed to sound governance and oversight of our impact on the surrounding community and environment. This is one of the reasons that our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the board of directors has direct oversight of our environmental, social and governance activities and related strategies.

    Environmental

    We recognize the impact that companies can have on the environment and we are working to integrate sustainability initiatives into our business practices, including the evaluation of energy conservation and energy efficiency initiatives that can help reduce greenhouse emissions at our facilities. We have also recently begun to measure our carbon footprint with the goal of reducing it in the future. Additionally, we are monitoring our water usage and creating a systematic global approach to responsibly dispose of our electronic waste, including through participation in vendorbuy-back programs ore-cycling. Finally, we are fostering the promotion of conservation by recycling, composting, and source reduction in all of our offices globally.

    Community Involvement and Philanthropy

    We acknowledge our responsibility to the communities around us and believe that our philanthropic activities are beneficial for long-term shareholder value. The mission of Twilio.org, our social impact arm,

    is to fuel communications that give hope, power, and freedom with a10-year goal to help one billion people every year. Since launching Twilio.org, we’ve learned that social responsibility is as critical to our success as a company as any other initiative and we remain committed to community involvement and philanthropy today more than ever. We actively build ties to the community, so that as we grow and scale as a company, we also increase our ability to generate social impact. We’ve seen social impact organizations use communications to solve some of the world’s biggest social and environmental problems. That’s why Twilio.org deploys our technology, our team, and grant-funding to fuel potentially life-changing communications. For instance, Twilio.org has helped nonprofit organizations create a 24/7 SMS hotline to fight human trafficking, use programmable SMS to proactively reach out in offer of support to potential victims of human trafficking posted in online ads, and develop artificialintelligence-powered SMS bots to disrupt sex trafficking by preventing buyers from connecting with victims. Additionally, our crisis response and prevention initiative enables and improves communication efforts bynon-profits which in turn supports people experiencing crises.

    In 2015, we reserved 1% of our Class A common stock to fund social impact at our Company. In March 2019, we increased the Twilio.org share reserve by 203,658 shares of Class A common stock to account for a similar program previously operated by SendGrid, Inc. (which we acquired in February 2019). Since 2015, as detailed more below, Twilio.org has made millions of dollars in donations consistent with its philanthropic goals.

    During 2019, Twilio.org implemented the WePledge program to engage employees in doing good. Through the WePledge program, our employees pledge 1% of their time or financial resources toward causes they care about. In turn, we provide each employee with $500 in matching donations annually,on-going community service opportunities, and 20 hours of paid volunteertime-off. We also make it easy for employees to donate a portion of their vested company equity in lieu of a cash donation. Since the program’s launch in September 2019, hundreds of our employees have already taken the pledge to commit 1%, resulting in the donation of hundreds of thousands of dollars and nearly 5,000 volunteer hours that support more than 450 charitable organizations.

    Compliance & Ethics

    Our culture of integrity starts with our Corporate Governance Guidelines and Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, which includes efforts in risk assessment, development of policies, procedures, training, auditing, monitoring, investigations, and remediation of potential compliance matters. We have also implemented mandatory anti-harassment, anti-corruption and anti-bribery training as well as more targeted compliance training to address the compliance risks of specific roles and business functions.

    Furthermore, in order to promote a high standard of ethical and professional conduct within our Company, we have engaged with an impartial third party to administer an ethics reporting hotline where, as permitted by law, employees, contractors, customers and vendors may address any issues on a confidential and anonymous basis. Employees may choose the method with which they are most comfortable to discuss any issues or complaints, whether it is through their manager, our human resources partners, or the reporting hotline. In addition, our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics applies to all of our employees, including our officers and board of directors. Violation of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics may result in disciplinary action, up to and including termination of employment.

    Data Protection

    We are committed to protecting the privacy and data of our developer ecosystem, customers and users. We have implemented policies and procedures that facilitate compliance with applicable privacy laws, including the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”) and the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), and work to use privacy by design in our review and building processes. For example, in 2016, even before GDPR became effective, we started the process of putting in place our

    own Binding Corporate Rules ("BCRs")—considered one of the highest global standards for data protection that a company can have. Our BCRs codify our guiding principles and approach to compliance with data protection laws when processing personal information.

    In addition to our working to maintain data privacy and security, we have proactively taken steps to provide increased visibility to the Twilio community around government requests received for customer information by municipal, state, provincial and federal governments globally. We do this by publishing semi-annual transparency reports. Our transparency reports document the total volume of government requests for information received by us, how we responded to the requests, and how often we notified users of the requests.

    Furthermore, we train employees on policies and procedures for secure data handling and use physical and procedural safeguards to help keep our facilities and equipment secure. All of our employees and contractors are required to complete privacy and security training every year.

    Diversity & Inclusion

    At Twilio, we strive to build equity, equality, and belonging to make communication more inclusive for all. Our Diversity and Inclusion mission is to foster an equitable approach to hiring, delivering on a promise of equality for all in career development, compensation and growth, and to foster a sense of belonging for everyone at our Company. We believe that a company culture focused on diversity and inclusion is a key driver of creativity and innovation and that diverse and inclusive teams make better business decisions, which ultimately drives better business performance. For example, we created “Twilio After Hours,” which aims to create inclusive environments designed for groups who are commonly underrepresented in the tech community; “Hatch” to invite candidates from underrepresented andnon-traditional backgrounds to launch tech careers through mentorship, apprenticeship and skill development; and implemented “Crack the Code,” a program that promotes best practices around attracting, recruiting, and retaining developer talent while building a culture of inclusivity.

    In addition, we work hard to maintain and enhance our diverse and inclusive environment, creating a workplace where people are highly valued and are empowered to do their best work. Our employee resource groups, such as Black Twilions, Latinx @ Twilio, S.E.A.T., Spectrum, Women @ Twilio, Wonder, Twilipinos, and Twarriors offer our employees support, mentoring and networking opportunities and help to foster a friendly and diverse workplace.

    Risk Management

    Risk is inherent with every business, and we face a number of risks, including strategic, financial, business and operational, cyber security, legal and compliance, and reputational. We have designed and implemented processes to manage risk in our operations. Management is responsible for theday-to-day management of risks the Company faces, while our board of directors, as a whole and assisted by its committees, has responsibility for the oversight of risk management. In its risk oversight role, our board of directors has the responsibility to satisfy itself that the risk management processes designed and implemented by management are appropriate and functioning as designed.

    Our board of directors believes that open communication between management and our board of directors is essential for effective risk management and oversight. Our board of directors meets with our Chief Executive Officer and other members of the senior management team at quarterly meetings of our board of directors, where, among other topics, they discuss strategy and risks facing the Company, as well as such other times as they deemeddeem appropriate.

    While our board of directors is ultimately responsible for risk oversight, our board committees assist our board of directors in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities in certain areas of risk. Our audit committee assists our board of directors in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities with respect to risk management in

    the areas of internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures, cybersecurity and security, legal and regulatory compliance, and discusses with management and the independent auditor guidelines and policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management. Our audit committee also reviews our major financial risk exposures and the steps management has taken to monitor and control these exposures. Our audit committee also monitors certain key risks on a regular basis throughout the fiscal year, such as risk associated with internal control over financial reporting and liquidity risk. Our nominating and corporate governance committee assists our board of directors in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities with respect to the management of risk associated with board organization, membership and structure, and corporate governance. Our compensation committee assesses risks created by the incentives inherent in our compensation programs, policies and practices. Finally, our full board of directors reviews strategic and operational risk in the context of reports from the management team, receives reports on all significant committee activities at each regular meeting, and evaluates the risks inherent in significant transactions.


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    Non-Employee Director Compensation

    We believe that a combination of cash and equity compensation is appropriate to attract and retain the individuals we desire to serve on our board of directors and that this approach is comparable to the policies of our peers. We feelfurther believe that it is appropriate to provide cash compensation to ournon-employee directors to compensate them for their time and effort and to provide equity compensation to ournon-employee directors to align their long-term interests with those of the Company and our stockholders.

            InUpon the recommendation of our compensation committee, in May 2016, our board of directors uponadopted anon-employee director compensation policy (as amended and restated from time to time, the recommendation of our compensation committee, adopted our Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy”) for the compensation of ournon-employee directors. In 2017,Our compensation committee conducts an annual evaluation of the design and competitiveness of ourNon-Employee Director Compensation Policy in light of best practices, market trends and a competitive market analysis of data for the Company’s compensation peer group prepared by the compensation committee’s compensation consultant and makes appropriate recommendations to our board of directors with respect to the compensation of ournon-employee directors.

    During 2019, our compensation committee engaged Compensia, Inc. ("(“Compensia"), a national compensation consulting firm, as its compensation consultant to advise on, among other things,non-employee director compensation matters. In doing so, our compensation committee reviewed and considered a peer group studycompensation data analysis prepared by Compensia. Our compensation committee did not strictly target any specific levels of pay, and instead, used the comparative market dataanalysis provided by Compensia as an importanta reference point in its decision-making process. AtIn June 2019, after reviewing the recommendation ofcomparative market analysis in consultation with Compensia, our compensation committee we amended and restated the recommended that no changes be made for 2019 to ourNon-Employee Director Compensation Policy in June 2017 to, among other things, modify the cash retainer policy such that the chair and members of our compensation committee would receive a cash retainer commensurate with that received by the chair and members of our audit committee. Policy.

    Ournon-employee directors currently receive compensation in the form of the cash retainers and equity awards as set forth below.

    Annual Retainer for Board Membership

      

    Annual service on the board of directors

      $30,000 

    Additional Annual Retainer for Lead Independent Director

      $18,000 

    Additional Annual Retainer for Committee Membership

      

    Annual service as member of the audit committee (other than chair)

      $9,000 

    Annual service as chair of the audit committee

      $18,000 

    Annual service as member of the compensation committee (other than chair)

      $9,000 

    Annual service as chair of the compensation committee

      $18,000 

    Annual service as member of the nominating and corporate governance committee (other than chair)

      $3,500 

    Annual service as chair of the nominating and corporate governance committee

      $7,000 

    OurNon-Employee

     
      
     

    Annual Retainer for Board Membership

        

    Annual service on the board of directors

     $30,000 

    Additional Annual Retainer for Committee Membership

        

    Annual service as member of the audit committee (other than chair)

     $9,000 

    Annual service as chair of the audit committee

     $18,000 

    Annual service as member of the compensation committee (other than chair)

     $9,000 

    Annual service as chair of the compensation committee

     $18,000 

    Annual service as member of the nominating and corporate governance committee (other than chair)

     $3,500 

    Annual service as chair of the nominating and corporate governance committee

     $7,000 

            Our policy Director Compensation Policy during fiscal year 20172019 provided that, upon initial election to our board of directors, eachnon-employee director would be granted restricted stock units ("(“RSUs") having a value of $300,000$425,000 (the "Initial Grant"). In addition, on the date of each of our annual meetings of stockholders, eachnon-employee director who would continue as a member of our board of directors following such annual meeting of stockholders would be granted an annual award of RSUs having a value of $150,000$200,000 (the "Annual Grant"). TheDuring fiscal year 2019, the number of RSUs for the Initial Grant and the Annual Grant were determined by dividing the applicable values by the average closing market price on The New York Stock Exchange (or such other market on which the Company'sCompany’s Class A common stock is then principally listed) of one share of the Company'sCompany’s Class A common stock over the trailing30-day period ending onfive business days before the last dayeffective date of the month immediately prior to the month of the grant date.grant. The Initial Grant vests in equal annual installments over three years, subject to continued service as a director through the applicable vesting dates. The Annual Grant vests in full on the earlier of (i) theone-year anniversary of the grant date or (ii) our next annual meeting of stockholders, subject to continued service as a director through the applicable vesting date. Such awards are subject to full accelerated vesting upon a "sale“sale event," as defined in our 2016 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the "(as amended and restated, the “2016 Plan").


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            The policyOurNon-Employee Director Compensation Policy also provides that, pursuant to the 2016 Plan, the aggregate amount of compensation, including both equity compensation and cash compensation, paid to anynon-employee director in a calendar year will not exceed $750,000 (or such other limit as may be set forth in the 2016 Plan or any similar provision of a successor plan).

    Employee directors receive no additional compensation for their service as a director.

    We also reimburse all reasonableout-of-pocket expenses incurred by ournon-employee directors for their attendance at meetings of our board of directors or any committee thereof.

      Non-Employee Directors' Directors’ Deferred Compensation Program

    In July 2017, we implemented aNon-Employee Directors' Directors’ Deferred Compensation Program to offer ournon-employee directors the ability to defer the receipt of any RSUs granted to them from Initial Grants or Annual Grants under the 2016 Plan. In advance of an award of RSUs and in compliance with the program'sprogram’s requirements, anon-employee director may elect to defer the receipt of all of his or her RSUs until the earliest of (i) ninety (90)90 days after suchnon-employee director ceases to serve as a member of our board of directors; (ii) the consummation of a sale event;“sale event”; or (iii) ninety (90)90 days after thenon-employee director's director’s death (such earliest date, the "Payment Event"). Upon the vesting of the RSUs, any amounts that would otherwise have been paid in shares of Company common stock will be converted into deferred stock units ("(“DSUs") on aone-to-one basis and credited to thenon-employee director's deferred director’s deferral account.

    The DSUs will be paid in shares of Company Class A common stock on aone-to-one basis in a single lump sum (and will cease to be held in thenon-employee director's director’s deferred account) as soon as practicable following the Payment Event.

    In April 2018, we adopted a stock ownership policy for ournon-employee directors, which requires such directors to acquire and hold the lesser of (i) a number of shares of our Company'sCompany’s common stock equal in value to three times the director'sdirector’s annual cash retainer for regular service on the board of directors or (ii) 2,500 shares of our Company'sCompany’s common stock, until such director'sdirector’s service on the board of directors ceases. We only count directly and beneficially owned shares, including shares purchased through our Company'sCompany’s 2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "(as amended and restated, the “ESPP") or 401(k) plan, if applicable, shares underlying vested RSUs that are held or deferred and shares underlying vested and unexercisedin-the-money stock options. Eachnon-employee director has three years from the later of his or her initial election to the board of directors or from the effective date of the policy to obtainattain the required ownership level.

    The following table provides information regarding the total compensation that was earned by or paid to each of ournon-employee directors in fiscal year 2017.2019. Mr. Lawson, who is our Chief Executive Officer, did not receive any additional compensation for his service as a director. The compensation


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    received by Mr. Lawson, as a named executive officer, of the Company, is presented in "Executive“Executive Compensation—Summary Compensation Table".Table.”

    Name

      Fees earned or
    paid
    in cash ($)
       Stock awards ($)(1)   Total ($) 

    Richard Dalzell(2)

       47,000    211,016    258,016 

    Byron Deeter(3)

       30,000    211,016    241,016 

    Elena Donio(4)

       48,000    211,016    259,016 

    Donna Dubinsky(5)

       39,000    211,016    250,016 

    Jeffrey Epstein(6)

       66,000    211,016    277,016 

    Jeffrey Immelt(7)

       20,750    458,545    479,295 

    Erika Rottenberg(8)

       50,500    211,016    261,516 

    (1)

    The amounts reported represent the aggregate grant date fair values of the RSUs awarded to thenon-employee directors in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. Such grant date fair values do not take into account any estimated forfeitures related to service-based vesting conditions. The valuation assumptions used in determining such amounts are described in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form10-K filed with the SEC on March 2, 2020. The amounts reflect the accounting cost for the RSUs and do not correspond to the actual economic value that may be received by the directors upon vesting or settlement of the RSUs.

    (2)

    As of December 31, 2019, Mr. Dalzell held an outstanding option to purchase a total of 117,500 shares of our Class B common stock and also held 1,483 RSUs.

    (3)

    As of December 31, 2019, Mr. Deeter held 1,483 RSUs.

    (4)

    As of December 31, 2019, Ms. Donio held 1,483 RSUs.

    (5)

    As of December 31, 2019, Ms. Dubinsky held 4,846 RSUs.

    (6)

    As of December 31, 2019, Mr. Epstein held 16,535 RSUs. Pursuant to theNon-Employee Director’s Deferred Compensation Program, Mr. Epstein has elected to defer all 16,535 RSUs.

    (7)

    Mr. Immelt joined our board of directors effective June 19, 2019 and his cash retainers werepro-rated accordingly. As of December 31, 2019, Mr. Immelt held 3,130 RSUs.

    (8)

    As of December 31, 2019, Ms. Rottenberg held 1,483 RSUs.

    Name
     Fees earned or
    paid
    in cash ($)
     Stock awards ($)(1) Total ($) 

    Richard Dalzell(2)

      33,500  148,744  182,244 

    Byron Deeter(3)

      31,750  148,744  180,494 

    Elena Donio(4)

      44,000  148,744  192,744 

    Jeffrey Epstein(5)

      19,500  328,908  348,408 

    James McGeever(6)

      55,000  148,744  203,744 

    Scott Raney(7)

      19,500    19,500 

    Erika Rottenberg(8)

      51,250  148,744  199,994 

    (1)
    The amounts reported represent the aggregate grant date fair values of the RSUs awarded to the directors in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. Such grant date fair values do not take into account any estimated forfeitures related to service-based vesting conditions. The valuation assumptions used in determining such amounts are described in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 1, 2018. The amounts reflect the accounting cost for the RSUs and do not correspond to the actual economic value that may be received by the directors upon vesting or settlement of the RSUs.

    (2)
    As of December 31, 2017, Mr. Dalzell held an outstanding stock option to purchase a total of 142,500 shares of our Class B common stock and also held 6,005 RSUs.

    (3)
    As of December 31, 2017, Mr. Deeter held 6,005 RSUs.

    (4)
    As of December 31, 2017, Ms. Donio held 18,456 RSUs.

    (5)
    Mr. Epstein joined our Company's board of directors on July 13, 2017 and received an Initial Grant in July 2017. As of December 31, 2017, Mr. Epstein held 11,157 RSUs. Pursuant to the Non-Employee Director's Deferred Compensation Program, Mr. Epstein has elected to defer all 11,157 RSUs.

    (6)
    As of December 31, 2017, Mr. McGeever held 6,005 RSUs.

    (7)
    Mr. Raney resigned from our board of directors effective June 12, 2017. As of December 31, 2017, Mr. Raney held no outstanding equity awards.

    (8)
    As of December 31, 2017, Ms. Rottenberg held 21,299 RSUs.

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    PROPOSAL NO. 1

    ELECTION OF DIRECTORS

    Our board of directors is currently composed of seveneight members. In accordance with our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our board of directors is divided into three staggered classes of directors. At the Annual Meeting, three Class III directors will be elected for a three-year term to succeed the same class whose term is then expiring.

    Each director'sdirector’s term continues until the election and qualification of his or her successor, or such director'sdirector’s earlier death, resignation or removal. Any increase or decrease in the number of directors will be distributed among the three classes so that, as nearly as possible, each class will consist ofone-third of our directors. This classification of our board of directors may have the effect of delaying or preventing changes in the control of our Company.

    Nominees

    Our nominating and corporate governance committee has recommended, and our board of directors has approved, Byron Deeter,Richard Dalzell, Jeffrey EpsteinImmelt and Jeff LawsonErika Rottenberg as nominees for election as Class III directors at the Annual Meeting. If elected, each of Messrs. Deeter, EpsteinDalzell and LawsonImmelt and Ms. Rottenberg will serve as Class III directors until the 20212023 annual meeting of stockholders and until their successors are duly elected and qualified. Each of the nominees is currently a director of our Company. For information concerning the nominees, please see the section titled "Board“Board of Directors and Corporate Governance."

    If you are a stockholder of record and you sign your proxy card or vote by telephone or over the Internet but do not give instructions with respect to the voting of directors, your shares will be voted "FOR"“FOR” the election of Messrs. Deeter, Epstein,Dalzell and Lawson.Immelt and Ms. Rottenberg. We expect that Messrs. Deeter, Epstein,Dalzell and LawsonImmelt and Ms. Rottenberg will each accept such nomination; however, in the event that a director nominee is unable or declines to serve as a director at the time of the Annual Meeting, the proxies will be voted for any nominee designated by our board of directors to fill such vacancy. If you are a street name stockholder and you do not give voting instructions to your broker or nominee, your broker will leave your shares unvoted on this matter.

    Vote Required

    The election of directors requires a plurality of the voting power of the shares of our common stock be present in personvirtually or by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote thereon to be approved. Brokernon-votes will have no effect on this proposal.

    Recommendation of the Board

    THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS A VOTE "FOR"
    “FOR”

    EACH OF THE NOMINEES NAMED ABOVE.


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    PROPOSAL NO. 2

    RATIFICATION OF APPOINTMENT OF

    INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

    Our audit committee has appointed KPMG LLP ("(“KPMG"), an independent registered public accounting firm, to audit our consolidated financial statements for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2018.2020. During our fiscal year ended December 31, 2017,2019, KPMG served as our independent registered public accounting firm.

    Notwithstanding the appointment of KPMG, and even if our stockholders ratify the appointment, our audit committee, in its discretion, may appoint another independent registered public accounting firm at any time during our fiscal year if our audit committee believes that such a change would be in the best interests of our Company and our stockholders. At the Annual Meeting, our stockholders are being asked to ratify the appointment of KPMG as our independent registered public accounting firm for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2018.2020. Our audit committee is submitting the appointment of KPMG to our stockholders because we value our stockholders'stockholders’ views on our independent registered public accounting firm and as a matter of good corporate governance. Representatives of KPMG will be present at the Annual Meeting, and they will have an opportunity to make a statement and will be available to respond to appropriate questions from our stockholders.

    If our stockholders do not ratify the appointment of KPMG, our audit committee may reconsider the appointment.

    Fees Paid to the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

    The following table presents fees for professional audit services and other services rendered to our Company by KPMG for our fiscal years ended December 31, 20162018 and 2017.

     
     2016 2017 
     
     (in thousands)
     

    Audit Fees(1)

     $1,776 $2,559 

    Audit-Related Fees

     $ $ 

    Tax Fees(2)

     $129 $ 

    All Other Fees

     $ $ 

    Total Fees

     $1,905 $2,559 

    (1)
    Audit Fees consist of professional services rendered in connection with the audit of our annual consolidated financial statements, including audited financial statements presented in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and services that are normally provided by the independent registered public accountants in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements for those fiscal years, and the review of the financial statements included in our quarterly reports. Fees for fiscal year 2016 also consisted of professional services rendered in connection with our Registration Statements on Form S-1 related to the initial public offering and follow-on offering of our Class A common stock completed in June 2016 and October 2016, respectively.

    (2)
    Tax Fees consist of fees for professional services for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning. These services include consultation on tax matters and assistance regarding federal, state and international tax compliance.

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       2018   2019 
       (in thousands) 

    Audit Fees(1)

      $3,556   $4,390 

    Audit-Related Fees(2)

      $145   $ 

    Tax Fees(3)

      $   $97 

    All Other Fees

      $   $ 
      

     

     

       

     

     

     

    Total Fees

      $3,701   $4,487 
      

     

     

       

     

     

     

    (1)

    Audit Fees consist of professional services rendered in connection with the audit of our annual consolidated financial statements, including audited financial statements presented in our Annual Report onForm 10-K and services that are normally provided by the independent registered public accountants in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements for those fiscal years, and the review of the financial statements included in our quarterly reports. Fees for fiscal year 2019 also consisted of fees related to SEC registration statements and other filings, comfort letters and consents, adoption of accounting pronouncements, acquisitions and also our follow on offering.

    (2)

    Audit-Related Fees consist of professional services rendered in connection with the due diligence of transactions or events, including acquisitions.

    (3)

    Tax fees consist of fees billed for professional services for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning. These services include assistance regarding federal and state tax compliance.

    Auditor Independence

    In our fiscal year ended December 31, 2017,2019, there were no other professional services provided by KPMG, other than those listed above, that would have required our audit committee to consider their compatibility with maintaining the independence of KPMG.

    Audit Committee Policy onPre-Approval of Audit and PermissibleNon-Audit Services of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

    Our audit committee has established a policy governing our use of the services of our independent registered public accounting firm. Under this policy, our audit committee is required topre-approve all audit, internal control-related services and permissiblenon-audit services performed by our independent registered public accounting firm in order to ensure that the provision of such services does not impair the public accountants'accountants’ independence. All services provided by KPMG for our fiscal years ended December 31, 20162018 and 20172019 werepre-approved by our audit committee and were compatible with maintaining KPMG'sKPMG’s independence.

    Vote Required

    The ratification of the appointment of KPMG as our independent registered public accounting firm for our fiscal year ending December 31, 20182020 requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power of the shares of our common stock present in personvirtually or by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote thereon. Abstentions will have the effect of a vote against this proposal, and brokernon-votes will have no effect.

    Recommendation of the Board

    THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS A VOTE "FOR"“FOR” THE RATIFICATION OF THE

    APPOINTMENT OF KPMG LLP AS OUR INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC

    ACCOUNTING FIRM.


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    PROPOSAL NO. 3

    NON-BINDING NON-BINDING ADVISORY VOTE TO APPROVE THE COMPENSATION OF OUR NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

    Section 14A of the Exchange Act requires that we provide our stockholders with the opportunity to vote to approve, on anon-binding, advisory basis, not less frequently than once every three years, the compensation of our named executive officers as disclosed in this proxy statement in accordance with the compensation disclosure rules of the SEC. As described in detail under the heading "Executive“Executive Compensation—Compensation Discussion and Analysis," we seek to closely align the interests of our named executive officers with the interests of our stockholders.

    Our compensation programs are designed to effectively align our executives'executives’ interests with the interests of our stockholders by focusing on long-term equity incentives that correlate with the growth of sustainable long-term value for our stockholders.

    Stockholders are urged to read the section titled "Executive Compensation"“Executive Compensation” and, in particular, the section titled "Executive“Executive Compensation—Compensation Discussion and Analysis"Analysis” in this proxy statement, which discusses how our executive compensation program policies and practices implement our compensation philosophy and contains tabular information and narrative discussion about the compensation of our named executive officers. Our board of directors and our compensation committee believe that these policies and practices are effective in implementing our compensation philosophy and in achieving our compensation program goals.

    The vote on this resolution is not intended to address any specific element of compensation; rather, the vote relates to the compensation of our named executive officers, as described in this proxy statement in accordance with the compensation disclosure rules of the SEC.

    Accordingly, we are asking our stockholders to vote on the following resolution at the Annual Meeting:

    Vote Required

    The approval of this advisorynon-binding proposal requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power of the shares of our common stock present in personvirtually or by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote thereon. Abstentions will have the effect of a vote against“against” this proposal, and brokernon-votes will have no effect.

    The vote is advisory, which means that the vote is not binding on the Company, our board of directors or our compensation committee. To the extent there is any significant vote against our named executive officer compensation as disclosed in this proxy statement, our compensation committee will evaluate whether any actions are necessary to address the concerns of stockholders.

    Recommendation of the Board

    THE BOARD RECOMMENDS THAT YOU VOTE "FOR"“FOR” THE APPROVAL, ON ANON-BINDING ADVISORY BASIS, OF THE COMPENSATION OF OUR NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AS DISCLOSED IN THIS PROXY STATEMENT.


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    PROPOSAL NO. 4

    NON-BINDING ADVISORY VOTE ON THE FREQUENCY OF FUTURE NON-BINDING ADVISORY VOTES TO APPROVE THE COMPENSATION OF OUR NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

            Section 14A of the Exchange Act provides that stockholders must be given the opportunity to vote, on a non-binding advisory basis, for their preference as to how frequently we should seek future non-binding advisory votes to approve the compensation of our named executive officers, as disclosed in accordance with the compensation disclosure rules of the SEC, which we refer to as an advisory vote to approve the compensation of our named executive officers.

            By voting with respect to this proposal, stockholders may indicate whether they would prefer that we conduct future non-binding advisory votes to approve the compensation of our named executive officers every one, two or three years. Stockholders also may, if they wish, abstain from casting a vote on this proposal. Our board of directors has determined that an annual non-binding advisory vote to approve the compensation of our named executive officers will allow our stockholders to provide timely and direct input on the Company's executive compensation philosophy, policies and practices as disclosed in the proxy statement each year. The board of directors believes that an annual vote is therefore consistent with the Company's efforts to engage in an ongoing dialogue with our stockholders on executive compensation and corporate governance matters.

    Vote Required

            Stockholders will not be voting to approve or disapprove of the recommendation of our board of directors. The proxy card provides stockholders with the opportunity to choose among four options with respect to this proposal (holding the vote every one, two or three years, or abstaining). The option that receives the highest number of votes from the voting power of shares of our common stock present in person or by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote thereon will be deemed to be the frequency preferred by our stockholders. Abstentions and broker non-votes will have no effect on this proposal.

            As an advisory vote, this proposal will not be binding on the Company, our board of directors or our compensation committee in any way. As such, the results of the vote will not be construed to create or imply any change to the fiduciary duties of our board of directors. Our board of directors may decide that it is in the best interests of our stockholders and the Company to hold a non-binding advisory vote on our named executive officer compensation more or less frequently than the option approved by our stockholders. Notwithstanding the non-binding advisory nature of this vote, the Company recognizes that the stockholders may have different views as to the best approach for the Company and looks forward to hearing from stockholders as to their preferences on the frequency of a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation.

    Recommendation of the Board

    THE BOARD RECOMMENDS THAT YOU VOTE FOR THE OPTION OF "ONE YEAR" AS THE PREFERRED FREQUENCY FOR FUTURE NON-BINDING ADVISORY VOTES TO APPROVE THE COMPENSATION OF OUR NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS.


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    REPORT OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE

    The audit committee is a committee of the board of directors comprised solely of independent directors as required by the listing standards of The New York Stock Exchange and rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("(“SEC"). The audit committee operates under a written charter approved by our board of directors, which is available on our web site at https://investors.twilio.com/. The composition of the audit committee, the attributes of its members and the responsibilities of the audit committee, as reflected in its charter, are intended to be in accordance with applicable requirements for corporate audit committees. The audit committee reviews and assesses the adequacy of its charter and the audit committee'scommittee’s performance on an annual basis.

    With respect to our financial reporting process, our management is responsible for (1) establishing and maintaining internal controls and (2) preparing our consolidated financial statements. Our independent registered public accounting firm, KPMG LLP ("(“KPMG"), is responsible for performing an independent audit of our consolidated financial statements and our internal control over financing reporting in accordance with the auditing standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("(“PCAOB"), and our internal control over financing reporting, expressing an opinion on the conformity of our audited consolidated financial statements with generally accepted accounting principles as well as the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.to issue a report thereon. It is the responsibility of the audit committee to oversee these activities. It is not the responsibility of the audit committee to prepare our financial statements. These are the fundamental responsibilities of management. In the performance of its oversight function, the audit committee has:

    Based on the audit committee'scommittee’s review and discussions with management and KPMG, the audit committee recommended to the board of directors that the audited financial statements be included in the Annual Report on Form10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 20172019 for filing with the SEC.

    Respectfully submitted by the members of the audit committee of the board of directors:

    This report of the audit committee is required by the SEC and, in accordance with the SEC'sSEC’s rules, will not be deemed to be part of or incorporated by reference by any general statement incorporating by reference this proxy statement into any filing under the Securities Act or under the Exchange Act, except to the extent that we specifically incorporate this information by reference, and will not otherwise be deemed "soliciting material"“soliciting material” or "filed"“filed” under either the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.


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    EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

    The following table identifies certain information about our executive officers as of March 31, 2018.2020. Our executive officers are appointed by, and serve at the discretion of, our board of directors and hold office until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier resignation or removal. There are no family relationships among any of our directors or executive officers.

    Name
    AgePosition

    Name

    Age

    Position

    Jeff Lawson

       4042 Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson

    Lee KirkpatrickKhozema Shipchandler

       5746  Chief Financial Officer

    George Hu

       4345  Chief Operating Officer

    Karyn SmithChee Chew

       5349Chief Product Officer

    Karyn Smith

    55  General Counsel and Corporate Secretary

    Jeff Lawson.    Mr. Lawson is one of our founders and has served as our Chief Executive Officer and as a member of our board of directors since April 2008 and has served as the Chairperson of our board of directors since November 2015. From 2001 to 2008, Mr. Lawson served as founder and Chief Technology Officer of Nine Star, Inc., a multi-channel retailer of equipment and apparel to the action sports industry. From 2004 to 2005, Mr. Lawson served as Technical Product Manager of Amazon.com, Inc., an electronic commerce and cloud computing company. In 2000, Mr. Lawson served as Chief Technology Officer of StubHub, Inc., an online marketplace for live entertainment events. From 1998 to 2000, Mr. Lawson served in several roles at Versity.com, Inc., a website for college lecture notes, including as founder, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Technology Officer. Mr. Lawson holds a B.S. in Computer Science and Film/Video from the University of Michigan.

    Mr. Lawson was selected to serve on our board of directors because of the perspective and experience he brings as our Chief Executive Officer, one of our founders and as one of our largest stockholders, as well as his extensive experience as an executive with other technology companies.

            Lee Kirkpatrick.Khozema Shipchandler.    Mr. KirkpatrickShipchandler has served as our Chief Financial Officer since May 2012.November 2018. From November 20102015 to December 2011,2018, Mr. KirkpatrickShipchandler served as Chief Financial Officerchief financial officer and executive vice president of SAY Media, Inc.,corporate development at GE Digital, an operational technology and infrastructure software company that is a digital media and advertising firm formed by the combinationdivision of VideoEgg, Inc. and SixApart, Ltd. From 2007 to 2010, Mr. Kirkpatrick served as Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer of VideoEgg, Inc., an online advertising network. From 2005 to 2006, Mr. Kirkpatrick served as Chief Operating Officer of Kodak Imaging Network at the Eastman KodakGeneral Electric Company, an imaginga publicly traded industrial technology company. From 20001996 to 2005,2015, Mr. KirkpatrickShipchandler served in severalvarious executive roles at Ofoto Inc., an online photography service, which was acquired by Eastman KodakGeneral Electric Company, in 2001, including as Chief Operating Officerchief financial officer, Middle East, North Africa and Chief Financial Officer. From 1998Turkey from 2011 to 2000,2013. Mr. Kirkpatrick served as Chief Financial Officer of iOwn, Inc., an online real estate services website, which was acquired by CitiMortgage, Inc. in 2001. From 1997 to 1998, Mr. Kirkpatrick served as Chief Financial Officer of HyperParallel, Inc., a data mining software company, which was acquired by Yahoo! Inc. in 1998. From 1988 to 1997, Mr. Kirkpatrick served in several roles at Reuters Group PLC, a financial information and news service company, including as Manager of Special Projects, District Finance Manager and Director of Finance and Operations. Mr. KirkpatrickShipchandler holds a B.S. in Business AdministrationB.A. from theIndiana University of Southern California and an M.B.A. from Columbia University. On February 13, 2018, we announced that Mr. Kirkpatrick had informed us and our board of directors of his decision to retire from the Company. To ensure an orderly transition and continuity of operations, Mr. Kirkpatrick is expected to continue to serve as our Chief Financial Officer until his successor is found and has moved into the role.Bloomington.

    George Hu.    Mr. Hu has served as our Chief Operating Officer since February 2017. From December 2014 to April 2016, Mr. Hu founded and served as Chief Executive Officer at Peer, a


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    workplace feedback startup that was acquired by Twitter in 2016. Prior to that, from November 2011 to December 2014, Mr. Hu served as Chief Operating Officer of Salesforce.com, Inc., a leading provider of enterprise cloud computing applications. From 2001 to 2011, Mr. Hu served in a variety of other management roles at Salesforce.com, Inc., including Vice President of Product Marketing, Senior Vice President of Applications, Executive Vice President of Products, and Chief Marketing Officer. Mr. Hu currently serves as a member of the Board of Directors and Compensation Committee of Yelp Inc. Mr. Hu holds an A.B. in Economics from Harvard College and an M.B.A. in Business Administration from the Stanford Graduate School of Business.

    Chee Chew.    Mr. Chew has served as our Chief Product Officer since January 2019. From December 2014 to January 2019, Mr. Chew served as Vice President of Consumer Engagement at Amazon.com, Inc., an electronic commerce and cloud computing company. From April 2007 to December 2014, Mr. Chew served in a variety of roles at Google LLC, a multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products. From June 1993 to April 2007, Mr. Chew served in a variety of

    roles at Microsoft Corporation, a technology company that develops, licenses and supports a wide range of software products, services and devices, including as a general manager, software design engineer and developer across Windows, Xbox and mobile device products. He also serves on the Board of Trustees for the Olin College of Engineering. Mr. Chew holds a B.S. and M.S. degree in Computer Science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

    Karyn Smith.    Ms. Smith has served as our General Counsel since September 2014. From October 2013 to August 2014, Ms. Smith served as Chief Operating Officer and General Counsel at Peek, Aren'tAren’t You Curious, Inc., a children'schildren’s clothing company. From January 2013 to August 2013, Ms. Smith served as General Counsel at Meltwater Group Inc., asoftware-as-a-service company. From August 2009 to June 2012, Ms. Smith served as Vice President and Deputy General Counsel at Zynga Inc., an online video game company. Prior to Zynga, Ms. Smith was a partner at Cooley LLP, a law firm, where she practiced law for 10 years. She currently serves on the boards of the Business Software Alliance, a trade group that represents some of the world’s largest software makers, and the United States Telecom Association (USTelecom), a national trade association that represents telecommunications-related businesses based in the United States. Ms. Smith holds a Bachelor of Journalism from the University of Missouri, Columbia and a J.D. from Santa Clara University School of Law.


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    EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

    Compensation Discussion and Analysis

    This Compensation Discussion and Analysis describes the compensation program for our named executive officers. During the fiscal year endingended December 31, 2017,2019, these individuals were:

    This Compensation Discussion and Analysis describes the material elements of our executive compensation program during 2017.2019. It also provides an overview of our executive compensation philosophy and objectives. Finally, it discusses how our compensation committee of our board of directors arrived at the specific compensation decisions for our executive officers, including our named executive officers, for 2017,2019, including the key factors that our compensation committee considered in determining their compensation.

            On February 13, 2018, we announced that Mr. Kirkpatrick, who has served as our Chief Financial Officer since May 2012, had informed us and our board of directors of his decision to retire from the Company. To ensure an orderly transition and continuity of operations, Mr. Kirkpatrick is expected to continue to serve as our Chief Financial Officer until his successor is found and has moved into the role. The search process has begun and is expected to be completed before the end of the fiscal year.

    We are the leader in the Cloud Communications Platform category. We believe the future of communications will be written in software, by the developers of the world—our customers. By empowering them, our mission is to fuel the future of communications.

            We enable developers to build, scale and operatereal-time communications within their software applications via oursimple-to-use Application Programming Interfaces ("APIs"(“APIs”). The power, flexibility and reliability offered by our software building blocks empowerempowers companies of virtually every shape and size to buildworld-class engagement into their customer experience.

            Our platform consists of three layers: ourWe offer a Customer Engagement Cloud, Programmable Communications CloudPlatform with software designed to address specific use cases like account security and Super Network. Our Engagement Cloud software iscontact centers and a set of APIs that handles the higher levelhigher-level communication logic needed for nearly every type of customer engagement. These APIs are focused on the business challenges that a developer is looking to address, allowing our customers to more quickly and easily build better ways to engage with their customers throughout their journey. Our Programmable Communications Cloud software isWe also offer a set of APIs that enables developers to embed voice, messaging, video and videoemail capabilities into their applications. The Programmable Communications Cloud isapplications and are designed to support almost all the fundamental ways humans communicate, unlocking innovators to address just about any communication market. OurThe Super Network is our software layer that allows our customers'customers’ software to communicate with connected devices globally. It interconnects with communications networks and inbox service providers around the world and continually analyzes data to optimize the quality and cost of communications that flow through our platform. The Super Network also contains a set of APIs that gives our customers access to more foundational components of our platform, such as telephonelike phone numbers.


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            As of December 31, 2017, our customers'Our customers’ applications that are embedded with our products couldable to reach users via voice, messaging, video and videoemail in nearly every country in the world andby utilizing our platform offered customers local telephone numbers in over 100 countries and text-to-speech functionality in 26 languages.platform. We support our global business through 27more than 25 cloud data centers in nine regions around the world and have developed contractual relationships with network service providers globally.

      Fiscal 20172019 Performance Highlights

      During 2017,2019, we continued to grow revenue and diversify our business:business and achieved significant financial and operational results:

      We recorded a GAAP loss from operations of $66.1$369.8 million for the full year, compared with a GAAP loss from operations of $41.3$115.2 million for the full year 2016.2018. Ournon-GAAP loss from operations was $20.1$1.8 million for the full year, compared with anon-GAAP loss from operations of $12.2$4.1 million for the full year 2016;2018; and

      We had 48,979more than 179,000 Active Customer Accounts as of December 31, 2017,2019, compared to 36,60664,286 Active Customer Accounts as of December 31, 2016.2018. Active customer accounts as of December 31, 2019 include the contribution from Twilio SendGrid customer accounts.

      Please refer to Appendix A of this proxy statement for a more detailed discussion of how we measure Base Revenue, Active Customer Accounts and other key business metrics and for a reconciliation of GAAP loss from operations tonon-GAAP loss from operations.

      Based on our overall operating environment and these results, our compensation committee took the following key actions with respect to the compensation of our named executive officers for 2017:2019:

      Base Salary—Approved annual base salary increases for our Chief Financial Officer, Chief Operating Officer and General Counsel as we continue to move the target total cash compensation of our named executive officers (other than our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Product Officer) closer to the market median. At our Chief Executive Officer’s request, our compensation committee did not increase his base salary from its 2018 level. Our Chief Product Officer commenced employment with us in 2019, as discussed below.

      Long-Term Incentive Compensation—Granted ongoing long-term incentive compensation opportunities to our named executive officers (other than our Chief Financial Officer and Chief Product Officer) in the form of time-based stock options to purchase shares of our Class A common stock and time-based RSUs that may be settled for shares of our Class A common stock, with aggregate grant date fair values ranging from approximately $2.9 million to approximately $11.8 million. Our Chief Financial Officer did not receive any equity awards in 2019, since he received time-based stock options to purchase shares of our Class A common stock and time-based RSUs that may be settled for shares of our Class A common stock in connection with his commencement of employment with us in November 2018. Our Chief Product Officer commenced employment with us in 2019, as discussed below.

      No Annual Cash Bonus Program—Since July 1, 2015, we have not maintained a formal annual cash bonus plan for any of our executive officers, including our named executive officers.

      Appointment of Chief Product Officer— In 2019, we hired Chee Chew as our Chief Product Officer. Mr. Chew was granted time-based stock options to purchase shares of our Class A common stock and time-based RSUs that may be settled for shares of our Class A common stock, with an aggregate grant date fair value of $23.2 million. Mr. Chew commenced employment with us on


      January 14, 2019. In connection with his appointment, we entered into an employment offer letter with him providing for the following compensation arrangements:

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        Appointment of Chief Operating Officer—On February 28, 2017, Mr. Hu was hired as our Chief Operating Officer. In connection with his appointment, we entered into an employment offer letter with him providing for the following compensation arrangements:

        An initial annual base salary of $600,000;

        $420,000;

        The grant of a time-based stock option to purchase 900,000241,066 shares of our Class A common stock with an exercise price of $31.72$116.30 per share, generally vesting over four years, subject to his continued employmentservice relationship with us through each applicable vesting date, and subject further to certain vesting acceleration provisions;

        provisions under the terms and conditions of our Key Executive Severance Plan (as described further in “Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control—Executive Severance Plans” below);

        The grant of time-based RSUs that may be settled for 100,00081,213 shares of our Class A common stock, generally vesting over four years, subject to his continued employment with us through each applicable vesting date, and subject further to certain vesting acceleration provisions;

        The grant of three performance-based stock options to purchase an aggregate of 555,000 sharesprovisions under the terms and conditions of our Class A common stock, each with an exercise price of $31.72 per share. Each such performance-based stock option will only begin to vest if certain pre-established target levels tied to our revenue are achieved by certain specified dates. If the performance conditions applicable to each performance-based stock option are satisfied, then the stock option will immediately vest with respect to 50% of the shares subject theretoKey Executive Severance Plan; and will thereafter vest in equal monthly installments over 24 months with respect to the remaining shares subject thereto. If the applicable revenue target is not achieved by the applicable date, then the relevant performance-based stock option will be forfeited at that time. Such performance-based stock options are subject to certain vesting acceleration provisions; and

        Participation in our Amended and RestatedKey Executive Severance Plan (as described further in "Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control—Amended and Restated Executive Severance Plan" below).

      Plan.

              Mr. Hu's employment offer letter was negotiated on our behalf by our Chief Executive Officer. In establishing the compensation arrangements for Mr. Hu,Chew, we took into consideration several factors, including (i) the requisite experience and skills that a qualified chief operatingproduct officer candidate for our Company would need to lead and manage a growing business in a dynamic and ever-changing environment, (ii) the competitive market for superior candidates at other comparable companies based on a review of competitive market data, including data drawn from the companies in our compensation peer group, various aspirational companies and selected compensation surveys, (iii) his then-current compensation at his prior employer, including the estimated amount of compensation he would forfeit by accepting employment with us, (iv) the need to integrate our new chief operatingproduct officer into our existing executive compensation structure, balancing both competitive and internal equity considerations as well as his existing compensation package and (v) the adviceanalysis of Compensia, our compensation committee'scommittee’s independent compensation consultant.consultant, regarding competitive market data and practices. Following negotiations with Mr. Hu,Chew, whom our Chief Executive Officer, compensation committee and our board of directors as a whole, believed was the strongest candidate to help our Companyus achieve itsour short-term and long-term "go-to-market" strategy and expansion goals, our compensation committee approved Mr. Hu'sChew’s compensation arrangements and granted him the performance-based stock options described above. Given that our sales function would report directly to Mr. Hu as Chief Operating Officer, the compensation committee believed that directly tying some of his initial equity grant to our revenue growth over a multi-year (four-year) period was another way to closely align his interests with those of our stockholders.


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      The terms and conditions of the Amended and RestatedKey Executive Severance Plan and Mr. Hu'sChew’s employment offer letter as they relate to his post-employment compensation arrangements are described in the sections titled "Post-Employment“Post-Employment Compensation Arrangements"Arrangements”, "Employment“Employment Agreements or Offer Letters with Named Executive Officers"Officers” and "Potential“Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control"Control” below.

        Pay-for-Performance Analysis

      We believe our executive compensation program is reasonable and competitive, and appropriately balances the goals of attracting, motivating, rewarding and retaining our executive officers with the goal of aligning their interests with those of our stockholders. The annual compensation of our executive officers, including our named executive officers, varies from year to year based on our corporate financial and operational results and individual performance. While we do not determine either "variable"“variable” or "fixed"“fixed” pay for each named executive officer with reference to a specific percentage of target total direct compensation, consistent with our "pay-for-performance"“pay-for-performance” philosophy, our executive compensation program heavily emphasizes "variable"“variable” pay over "fixed"“fixed” pay.

      In 2017,2019, the majority of the target total direct compensation of our Chief Executive Officer consisted of variable pay in the form of long-term incentive compensation opportunities. Fixed pay, primarily consisting of base salary, made up only 2.5%1% of our Chief Executive Officer'sOfficer’s target total direct compensation, while contingent ("variable"(“variable”) pay, consisting of long-term incentive compensation in the form of equity awards, made up 97.5%99% of his target total direct compensation. Similar allocations applied to

      our other executive officers, including our other named executive officers. The following charts show the percentages of target variable pay versus target fixed pay for our Chief Executive Officer and our other named executive officers in 2017:2019:

      Chief Executive Officer
      Target Pay Mix
      Average Other Named Executive Officer
      Target Pay Mix

      GRAPHIC


      GRAPHIC

       

      LOGO

      We believe that this approach provides balanced incentives for our executive officers to drive our Company's financial performance and long-term growth.

      We endeavor to maintain sound governance standards consistent with our executive compensation policies and practices. Our compensation committee evaluates our executive compensation program on at least an annual basis to ensure that it is consistent with our short-term and long-term goals given the


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      dynamic nature of our business and the market in which we compete for executive talent. The following summarizes our executive compensation and related policies and practices:






      What We Do

        

      What We Don’t Do

      What We Don't Do

      Use aPay-for-Performance Philosophy. The majority of our executive officers'officers’ target total direct compensation is directly linked to the performance of our stock price.  

      No Retirement Plans. We do not currently offer pension arrangements, nonqualified deferred compensation arrangements or retirement plans to our executive officers other than a 401(k) retirement plan that is generally available to all our U.S. employees.

        




      CompensationCompensation "At-Risk."“At-Risk.” Our executive compensation program is designed so that a significant portion of our executive officers'officers’ target total direct compensation is equity-based, and therefore "at“at risk," to align the interests of our executive officers and stockholders.


        



      No Short-Term Cash Bonus Program or Guaranteed Bonuses. We do not maintain a formal cash bonus program for our executive officers, nor do we provide guaranteed bonuses to our executive officers.


       




      “Double-Trigger”"Double-Trigger" Change-in-Control Arrangements. With the exception of certain equity awards granted to one named executive officer,our Chief Operating Officer, the terms of which were determined through arm'sarm’s length negotiations at the time of

      Limited Perquisites or Other Personal Benefits. We provide limited perquisites and other personal benefits to our executive officers, which, in 2019, consisted of individual supplemental long-term disability insurance,

      What We DoWhat We Don’t Do

      hire, all of our post-employment compensation arrangements in the event of a change in control of the Company are "double-trigger"“double-trigger” arrangements that require both a change in control of the Company plus a qualifying termination of employment before payments and benefits are paid. All such payments and benefits are also subject to the execution and delivery of an effective release of claims in favor of our Company.favor.


        



      Limited Perquisites or Other Personal Benefits. We provide limited perquisites and other personal benefits to our executive officers, which, in 2017, consisted of individual supplemental long-term disability insurance, reimbursements for our Chief Executive Officer'sOfficer’s costs incurred in connection with his filing under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvement Act of 1976 ("(“HSR") and reimbursements for our Chief Operating Officer'srelated tax gross up and legal costs incurred in connection with the negotiation of his employment offer letter.


      fees.




      Maintain an Independent Compensation Committee. Our compensation committee consists solely of independent directors.

        



      Limited Tax Payments on Perquisites. We generally do not provide any tax reimbursement payments (including "gross-ups"“gross-ups”) on any perquisites or other personal benefits except that in 2017, we have provided a taxgross-up to our Chief Executive Officer with respect to the income that he recognized as a result of our payment for his HSR filing.




      Table of Contentsfiling and related legal fees.






        What We DoWhat We Don't Do

      Retain an Independent Compensation Advisor. Our compensation committee has engaged its own independent compensation advisor to provide information, analysis and other advice on executive compensation independent of management.

        

      No Excise Tax Payments on Future Post-Employment Compensation Arrangements. We do not provide any excise tax reimbursement payments (including "gross-ups"“gross-ups”) with respect to payments or benefits contingent upon a change in control of our Company.

        
      Annual Executive Compensation Review. Our compensation committee conducts an annual review of our compensation strategy, including a review of our compensation peer group used for comparative purposes.  

      No Hedging. We prohibit our employees, including our executive officers, and thenon-employee members of our board of directors from engaging in hedging transactions or certain derivative transactions relating to our securities.

        
      Annual Compensation-Related Risk Assessment. Our compensation committee reviews, on an annual basis, our compensation-related risk profile.  

      No Pledging. We prohibit our executive officers and thenon-employee members of our board of directors from holding our securities in a margin account or pledging our securities as collateral for a loan.

      ��

        
      Stock Ownership Policy. We maintain a stock ownership policy for our Chief Executive Officer, our other named executive officers and thenon-employee members of our board of directors.  

      No Special Welfare or Health Benefits. We do not provide our executive officers with any special welfare or health benefit programs, other than individual supplemental long-term disability insurance, and participation on the same basis as all of our full-time employees in the employee programs that are standard in our industry sector.

      AnnualSay-on-Pay Vote on Executive Compensation

              In prior years, we were an "emerging growth company" as defined inThe compensation committee considered the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Actresults of 2012 and were not required to hold a thenon-binding stockholder advisory vote on the compensation of our named executive officers (a "conducted at the June 18, 2019 Annual Meeting. As reported in our current report on Form8-K, filed with the SEC on June 21, 2019, approximately 94.5% of the votes cast on the proposal expressed support for the compensation program offered to our named executive officers as disclosed in last year’s proxy statement (the “Say-on-Pay vote" Vote). AtAccordingly, the 2018 Annual Meetingcompensation committee made no changes to our executive compensation program as a result of Stockholders, wetheSay-on-Pay Vote. Further, our board of directors has elected to conduct theSay-on-Pay Vote annually, thereby giving our stockholders the opportunity to provide feedback on the compensation of our named executive officers each year. We will be conducting our first annualSay-on-Pay vote Vote as described in Proposal No. 3 of this proxy statement. Because we valuestatement at the opinions2020 Annual Meeting of our stockholders, theStockholders. Our board of directors and our compensation committee will consider the outcome of theSay-on-Pay vote, and the related Say-on-Frequency vote described in Proposal No. 4 of this proxy statement, Vote, as well as feedback received throughout the year, when making compensation decisions for our named executive officers in the future. The nextSay-on-Pay Vote will be held at the 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

      Executive Compensation Philosophy

      Our executive compensation program is guided by our overarching philosophy of paying for demonstrable performance and aligning the compensation of our executive officers with the long-term interests of our stockholders. Consistent with this philosophy, we have designed our executive compensation program to achieve the following primary objectives:

      provide compensation packages to our executive officers that are competitive and reward the achievement of our business objectives; and


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        effectively align our executive officers'officers’ interests with the interests of our stockholders by focusing on long-term equity incentives that correlate with the growth of sustainable long-term value for our stockholders.

      Because we do not have a cash bonus program for our executive officers, generally, our compensation committee has sought to set base salaries at the higher end of the competitive market range to provide what it believes to be reasonable cash compensation levels and will serve to attract and retain our executives. Further, our compensation committee tends to weight the target total direct compensation opportunities of our executive officers more heavily towards equity compensation.

      Oversight of Executive Compensation Program

        Role of the Compensation Committee

      Our compensation committee discharges many of the responsibilities of our board of directors relating to the compensation of our executive officers, including our named executive officers, and thenon-employee members of our board of directors (as described further in "Board“Board of Directors and CorporateGovernance—Non-Employee Director Compensation"Compensation” above). Our compensation committee has overall responsibility for overseeing our compensation structure, policies and programs generally, and overseeing and evaluating the compensation plans, policies and practices applicable to our executive officers. Our compensation committee also oversees the annual evaluation of our management for the prior fiscal year and has the authority to retain, and has retained, an independent compensation consultant to provide support to the committee in its review and assessment of our compensation programs.

        Compensation-Setting Process

      Our compensation committee determines the target total direct compensation opportunities for our executive officers, including our named executive officers. Our compensation committee does not use a

      single method or measure in developing its recommendations, nor does it establish one specific targetstarget for the total direct compensation opportunities of our executive officers. Nonetheless, asRather, it continuesretains flexibility to position the compensation ofpay our named executive officers to levels that are more consistent with those of a public company, generally,within certain ranges. Nonetheless, our compensation committee generally begins its deliberations on cash and equity compensation levels with reference to various percentile levels for cash compensation and target total direct compensation as reflected in competitive market data.data, with an intended result of weighting compensation more heavily towards equity compensation.

      When formulating its recommendations for the amount of each compensation element and approving each compensation element and the target total direct compensation opportunity for our executive officers, our compensation committee considers the following factors:

      our financial performance relative to our compensation peer group;

      the compensation levels and practices of our compensation peer group;

      each individual executive officer'sofficer’s skills, experience and qualifications relative to other similarly-situatedsimilarly situated executives at the companies in our compensation peer group;

      our desire to retain experienced and talented executives in a highly competitive market;

      the scope of each individual executive officer'sofficer’s role compared to other similarly-situatedsimilarly situated executives at the companies in our compensation peer group;

      the performance of each individual executive officer, based on a subjective assessment of his or her contributions to our overall performance, ability to lead his or her business unit or function and ability to work as part of a team, all of which reflect our core values;

      compensation parity among our individual executive officers; and


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        the recommendations provided by our Chief Executive Officer with respect to the compensation of our other executive officers.

      These factors provide the framework for compensation decision-making and final decisions regarding the compensation opportunity for each executive officer. No single factor is determinative in setting pay levels, nor was the impact of any factor on the determination of pay levels quantifiable. Our compensation committee reviews the base salary levels and long-term incentive compensation opportunities of our executive officers, including our named executive officers, each fiscal year at the beginning of the year, or more frequently as warranted. Long-term incentive compensation is granted on a regularly-scheduled basis, as described in "Other“Other Compensation Policies and Practices—Equity Awards Grant Policy"Policy” below.

        Role of Chief Executive Officer

      In discharging its responsibilities, our compensation committee works with members of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer. Our management assists our compensation committee by providing information on corporate and individual performance, market compensation data and management'smanagement’s perspective on compensation matters. Our compensation committee solicits and reviews our Chief Executive Officer'sOfficer’s recommendations and proposals with respect to adjustments to annual cash compensation, long-term incentive compensation opportunities, program structures and other compensation-related matters for our executive officers (other than with respect to his own compensation).

      Our compensation committee reviews and discusses these recommendations and proposals with our Chief Executive Officer and considers them as one factor in determining the compensation for our executive officers, including our other named executive officers. Our Chief Executive Officer recuses himself from all discussions and recommendationsdeterminations regarding his own compensation.

        Role of Compensation Consultant

        Our compensation committee engages an external independent compensation consultant to assist it by providing information, analysis and other advice relating to our executive compensation program and the decisions resulting from its annual executive compensation review. For 2017,2019, our compensation committee engaged Compensia as its compensation consultant to advise on executive compensation matters, including competitive market pay practices for our executive officers, the selection of our compensation peer group, and data analysis. For 2017,2019, the scope of Compensia'sCompensia’s engagement included:

        reviewing and analyzing the compensation for our executive officers, including our named executive officers;

        supporting the design and implementation of changes to our executive long-term incentive strategy;

        providing analysis of market practice and supporting the consideration and finalization of changes to our Amended and Restated Executive Severance Plan;

        reviewing and providing input on the Compensation Discussion and Analysis section of our proxy statement for our 20182019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders;

        providing competitive market data and analysis to support the determination of the compensation arrangements that we negotiated in connection withfor a Chief People Officer;

        reviewing and analyzing the hiringcompensation of thenon-employee members of our Chief Operating Officer;board of directors;

        reviewing short-term incentive compensation practices and

        supporting otherad hoc matters throughout the year.

        considerations;

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        reviewing peer group executive incentive compensation practices;

        reviewing our executive compensation philosophy;

        conducting a compensation risk assessment; and

        supporting otherad hoc matters throughout the year.

        The terms of Compensia'sCompensia’s engagement included reporting directly to our compensation committee and to our compensation committee chair. Compensia also coordinated with our management for data collection and job matching for our executive officers.officers and provided data and analyses in connection with the review of our equity strategy. In 2017,2019, Compensia did not provide any other services to us. In April 2017,March 2019, our compensation committee evaluated Compensia'sCompensia’s independence pursuant to the NYSE Listing Standards and the relevant SEC rules and determined that no conflict of interest had arisen as a result of the work performed by Compensia.

          Competitive Positioning

        For purposes of comparing our executive compensation against the competitive market, our compensation committee reviews and considers the compensation levels and practices of a group of peer companies. This compensation peer group consists of technology companies that are similar to us in terms of industry, revenue and market capitalization.

                In developing the compensation peer group for 2017, the following criteria were observed in identifying comparable companies:

          similar industry and competitive market for talent;

          within a range of 0.5x to 2.0x of our revenue; and

          within a range of 0.3x to 3.0x of our market capitalization.

        Our compensation committee reviews our compensation peer group at least annually and makes adjustments to its composition if warranted, taking into account changes in both our business and the businesses of the companies in the peer group.group, and input from its compensation consultant. Accordingly, the peer group that was used for comparative purposes for 2019 was approved in June 2018.

                AtIn developing the beginning of 2017, our compensation committee used the following compensation peer group for 2019, the following criteria were evaluated in identifying comparable companies:

        similar industry and competitive market for talent;

        within a range of 0.5x to assist with2.0x of our revenue; and

        within a range of 0.25x to 4.0x of our market capitalization.

        Based on the determination of compensation for our executive officers. Our compensation committee approved thisforegoing, the peer group that was approved in December 2016June 2018 consisted of the following a review that included input from Compensia.companies:

        Acacia CommunicationsNew RelicServiceNow
        Box  Nutanix  SplunkServiceNow
        Cornerstone OnDemandOktaSplunk
        Guidewire Software  Paycom Software  Tableau Software
        FireEyeHubSpot  Paylocity Holding  Veeva Systems
        Guidewire SoftwareLogMeIn  Proofpoint  Workday
        HubSpotNew Relic  RingCentral  Zendesk
        LogMeIn

        In June 2017,September 2019, the compensation committee reviewed our compensation committee,peer group and, upon the recommendation of Compensia,its compensation consultant, added MulesoftArista Networks, Autodesk, DocuSign, Dropbox, Palo Alto Networks, Shopify, Slack Technologies, VeriSign and Zoom Video Communications to the compensation peer group.group and removed Box, Cornerstone OnDemand, LogMeIn, Nutanix and Tableau Software. In developing this revised peer group for use in 2020, the following criteria were evaluated in identifying comparable companies:

        similar industry and competitive market for talent;

        within a range of 0.5x to 2.0x of our revenue; and

        within a range of 0.25x to 4.0x of our market capitalization.

        Our compensation committee uses data drawn from our compensation peer group, as well as data from the Radford Global Technology executive compensation survey (the "Radford Survey"), to evaluate the competitive market when formulating its recommendation for the total direct compensation packages for our executive officers, including base salary and long-term incentive compensation opportunities. The Radford Survey provides compensation market intelligence and is widely used within the technology industry.

        In addition, subsets of the Radford Survey were incorporated into the competitive assessment prepared by Compensia and used by our compensation committee to evaluate the compensation of our executive officers. Specifically, our compensation committee received a custom report of survey results reflecting only companies from our compensation peer group in addition to survey results tailored solely based on revenue. The Radford Survey data supplements the compensation peer group data and


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        provides additional information for our named executive officers and other vice president positions for which there is less comparable public comparable data available.

        Individual Compensation Elements

        In 2017,2019, the principal elements of our executive compensation program, and the purposes for each element, were as follows:

        Element

        Compensation Element

        Objective

        Base Salary

          Cash  Designed to attract and retain highly talented executives by providing fixed compensation amounts that are competitive in the market and reward performance.

        Long-Term Incentives


          

        Equity awards in the form of stock options to purchase shares of our Class A common stock and RSUs that may be settled for shares of our Class A common stock

          

        Designed to align the interests of our executive officers and our stockholders by motivating them to achieve long-term stockholder value creation. Also designed to achieve our retention objectives for our executive officers.

          Base Salary

          Base salary represents the fixed portion of the compensation of our executive officers, including our named executive officers, and is an important element of compensation intended to attract and retain highly-talentedhighly talented individuals.

          Using the competitive market data provided by its compensation consultant, our compensation committee reviews and develops recommendations for adjusting the base salaries for each of our executive officers, including our named executive officers, as part of its annual executive compensation review. In addition, the base salaries of our executive officers may be adjusted by our compensation committee in the event of a promotion or significant change in responsibilities.

          Generally, our compensation committee sets base salaries with reference to various percentile levels of the competitive range of our compensation peer group and applicable executive compensation survey data. Since our initial public offering, we have evaluated the base salaries of our executive officers in the context of establishing their total cash compensation at levels that are consistent with the target total cash compensation of executive officers holding comparable positions at a public company.

          In February 2017,January 2019, consistent with the recommendation of our Chief Executive Officer, our compensation committee determined to increase the base salaries of certain of our executive officers, including our named executive officers (other than our Chief Executive Officer).officers. In making these decisions, our compensation committee considered the current risks and challenges facing us, our decision to forego the adoption of an annual cash bonus program, its objective of gradually positioning the target total cash compensation of our executive officers at levels that are more consistent with those of a public company in our industry, as well as the factors described in "Oversight“Oversight of Executive Compensation Program—Compensation-Setting Process"Process” above. AtIn particular, our compensation committee made an 11.8% adjustment in our General Counsel’s base salary to more closely align her salary with market-based salary comparables provided by Compensia, the compensation committee’s compensation consultant, that achieved our desired marketing positioning.We recognize that our Chief Executive Officer'sOfficer’s base salary is significantly lower than the peer group median, despite his success in the role and our willingness to pay him a market-based salary. However, at our Chief Executive Officer’s request, and to weight more of his target total direct compensation to variable pay in the form of long-term incentive compensation, theour compensation committee determined to maintain thehis base salary of our Chief Executive Officer at its 2016 level.


          Table2018 level, which was lower than the peer group median at the time of Contentsthe compensation review.

          The base salaries of our named executive officers for 20172019 were adjusted as follows:

          Named Executive Officer
           2016
          Base Salary
           2017
          Base Salary(1)
           Percentage
          Adjustment
           

          Mr. Lawson

           $133,700 $133,700   

          Mr. Kirkpatrick

           $380,000 $500,000  31.6%

          Mr. Hu(2)

             $600,000   

          Ms. Smith

           $337,500 $400,000  18.5%

          (1)
          These annual base salary adjustments were effective retroactively to January 1, 2017.

          (2)
          Mr. Hu joined our Company in February 2017.

           

          Named Executive Officer

            2018
          Base Salary
             2019
          Base Salary(1)
             Percentage
          Adjustment
           

          Mr. Lawson

            $133,700   $133,700    

          Mr. Shipchandler

            $550,000   $567,000    3.1

          Mr. Hu

            $600,000   $610,000    1.6

          Mr. Chew(2)

            $   $420,000    

          Ms. Smith

            $415,000   $464,000    11.8

          (1)

          These annual base salary adjustments were effective as of January 1, 2019.

          (2)

          Mr. Chew joined us as Chief Product Officer in January 2019 and his base salary was established at that time.

          The actual base salaries paid to our named executive officers in 20172019 are set forth in the "Summary“Summary Compensation Table"Table” below.

            Long-Term Incentive Compensation

          We view long-term incentive compensation in the form of equity awards as a critical element of our executive compensation program. The realized value of these equity awards bears a direct relationship to

          our stock price, and, therefore, these awards are an incentive for our executive officers, including our named executive officers, to create value for our stockholders. Equity awards also help us retain qualified executive officers in a competitive market.

          Long-term incentive compensation opportunities in the form of equity awards are granted by our compensation committee on a regularly-scheduled basis, as described in "Other“Other Compensation Policies and Practices—Equity Awards Grant Policy"Policy” below. The amount and forms of such equity awards are determined by our compensation committee after considering the factors described in "Oversight“Oversight of Executive Compensation Program—Compensation-Setting Process"Process” above. The amounts of the equity awards are also intended to providecompetitively-sized awards and resulting target total direct compensation opportunities that are competitive with the compensation opportunities offered by the companies in our compensation peer group and Radford Survey data for similar roles and positions for each of our executive officers, taking into consideration the factors described in "Oversight“Oversight of Executive Compensation Program—Compensation-Setting Process"Compensation- Setting Process” above.

          In February 2017, prior to the hiring of our Chief Operating Officer,January 2019, our compensation committee determined that the equity awards to be granted to our executive officers should be in the form of time-based stock options to purchase shares of our Class A common stock and time-based RSUs that may be settled for shares of our Class A common stock. Our compensation committee determined to grant equity awards in the form of 50% (by fair value) stock options and 50% (by fair value) time-based RSUs. Stock options only have value if our stock price appreciates above the exercise price thereof. Both stock options and RSUs have retention value over the vesting period. In determining the size of the individual grants to our executive officers, our compensation committee considered the factors described in “Oversight of Executive Compensation Program—Compensation-Setting Process” above, with emphasis on our exceptional growth in size and revenue during 2018. In addition, our compensation committee focused on the fact that many of our executive officers are in high demand in the market due, in part, to our excellent performance in 2018. Therefore, our compensation committee considered how best to retain our talent. In determining the size of the equity grants made to our CEO, the compensation committee also factored in Mr. Lawson’s relatively low base salary. After consideration of these factors, our compensation committee determined to grant equity awards to our executive officers with a value above the market median and, in certain cases, close to the 75th percentile of our peer group range. Our compensation committee determined that the value of these awards was appropriate and necessary to sufficiently reward exceptional performance, motivate our executive officers for continued effort to create value for our stockholders and to help ensure retention in a competitive market. Importantly, our compensation committee also determined to deviate from our historic vesting schedules for executive awards to balance the magnitude of the awards, and also to motivate long-term retention and team stability. Therefore, the stock options and RSUs granted to our executive officers vest over four years in three installments, with no vesting until the second anniversary of the vesting commencement date of December 31, 2018 and then in two additional annual installments on the third and fourth anniversaries of such vesting commencement date, subject to the executive’s continued employment with us.

          After considering the factors described in "Oversight“Oversight of Executive Compensation Program—Compensation-Setting Process"Process” above, our compensation committee approved the following equity awards for our then-existing named executive officers in 20172019 as part of its annual executive compensation review:

          Named Executive Officer
           Stock Options
          to Purchase
          Shares of
          Class A
          Common Stock
          (number of shares)
           Time-Based
          RSUs
          (number of shares)
           Aggregate
          Grant Date
          Fair Value
          ($)
           

          Jeff Lawson

            163,890  87,271 $5,288,274 

          Lee Kirkpatrick

            95,056  50,617 $3,067,190 

          Karyn Smith

            59,000  31,417 $1,903,755 

          Table

          Named Executive Officer

            Stock Options
          to Purchase
          Shares of
          Class A
          Common Stock
          (number of shares)
             Time-Based
          RSUs
          (number of shares)
             Aggregate
          Grant Date
          Fair Value
          ($)
           

          Jeff Lawson

             110,697    50,942   $11,739,539 

          Khozema Shipchandler

                      

          George Hu

             73,798    33,961    7,826,322 

          Chee Chew

                      

          Karyn Smith

             27,060    12,453   $2,869,762 

          Mr. Shipchandler did not receive an annual equity grant in 2019 since he received equity awards in connection with his commencement of Contentsemployment with us in November 2018.

                  InMr. Chew also did not receive an annual equity grant in 2019. Instead, in connection with the appointment of Mr. HuChew as our Chief OperatingProduct Officer our compensation committee approved the grant of thein January 2019, he received equity awards as described in the section titled "Executive“Executive Summary—Executive Compensation Highlights—Appointment of new Chief Operating Officer"Product Officer” above.

            Stock Options

          We believe that stock options provide a strong reward for growth in the market price of our common stock as their entire value depends on future stock price appreciation, as well as a strong incentive for our executive officers to remain employed with our Company as they require continued employmentservice to our Company through the vesting period. TheIn 2019, the stock options to purchase shares of our Class A common stock that were granted by our compensation committee had a10-year term. To balance retention and incentive dynamics for the 2019 stock option grants, the vesting schedule for such grants were set as follows: 33% of the shares subject to the stock option generally vest on each of the second and third anniversaries of the “vesting commencement date” (December 31, 2018) and 34% of the shares subject to the stock option vest on the fourth anniversary of the vesting commencement date, subject to continued employment through each such vesting date. Stock options granted by our compensation committee to new hires, including Mr. Chew, generally have a10-year term and generally vest as to one-quarter25% of suchthe shares subject to the stock option on the first anniversary of the "vestingemployment commencement date"date and thereafter as to 1/48th of the shares subject to the stock option each month thereafter for the following three years, subject to the named executive officer's continued employment with usservice through each applicablesuch vesting date. Consistent with our compensation objectives,

          In 2017, we believe this approach aligns our executive officers' efforts and contributions with our long-term interests and allows them to participate in any future appreciation in value of our common stock.

                  Pursuant to our Chief Operating Officer's employment offer letter, he was granted time-based stock options for a seven-year term and performance-based stock options to purchase shares of our Class A common stock, for reasons described in "Executive Summary—Executive Compensation Highlights—Appointment of Chief Operating Officer" above. The performance-based stock options will only begin to vest if certain pre-established target levels tied to our revenue are achieved by certain specified dates, the disclosure of which would cause potential significant competitive harm to us without adding meaningfully to the understanding of our business, since our revenue projections are based on our internal forecasts and confidential information about our business. However, the compensation committee has set such performance-based metrics at definitive, rigorous and objective levels which we believe are sufficiently high so as to require substantial effort and achievement by our Chief Operating Officer to be attained. We believe it would be difficult, though not unattainable, for such revenue targets to be reached. To date, we have only granted performance-based stock options to our Chief Operating Officer in connection with his hiring, for the reasons described in "Executive Summary—Executive Compensation Highlights—Appointment of Chief Operating Officer" above. Our Chief Operating Officer's employment offer letter, including the terms of his performance-based stock options, were established after arms'pursuant to arms’ length negotiations with him and our consideration, at thehis time of his hire, of the requisite experience and skills that a qualified Chief Operating Officer candidate for the Company would need, as well as the competitive market for similar positions at other comparable companies, as described in more detail in "Executive Summary—Executive Compensation Highlights—Appointment of Chief Operating Officer" above. In addition, we believe that it was appropriatecompanies. Such performance-based stock options have been structured to grantalign our Chief Operating Officer these performance-based stock options as a way to further align himOfficer’s interests with those of our stockholders, as the value of any amountamounts earned pursuant to thesuch performance-based stock options isare directly tied to our revenue over a long-term period (at least four years). A, with a portion of such performance-based stock options vestvesting over time as well which incentivizesto incentivize retention. To date, we have only granted performance-based stock options to our Chief Operating Officer in connection with his hiring.

            Time-Based RSUs

          We believe time-based RSUs also provide a strong retention incentive for our executive officers, provide a moderate reward for growth in the value of our common stock and, because they use fewer

          shares than stock options, are less dilutive to our stockholders. TheIn 2019, similar to the stock option grants, in order to balance retention and incentive dynamics for the time-based RSUsRSU grants that may be settled forin shares of our Class A common stock, generally vestthe vesting schedule for such grants were set as to 13/48thfollows: 33% of the shares subject to the award generally vest on the first anniversaryeach of the applicable "vestingsecond and third anniversaries of the “vesting commencement date", as to 1/16thdate” (December 31, 2018) and 34% of the shares subject to the award asvest on the fourth anniversary of the end of each of the next 11 fiscal quarters and as to 1/24th of the sharesvesting commencement date, subject to the award as of the end of the next fiscal quarter thereafter, subject to the named executive officer's continued employment with us through each applicablesuch vesting date. The time-based


          TableTime-based RSUs that may be settled in shares of Contents

          RSUs forour Class A common stock that were granted by our compensation committee to new hires, including Mr. HuChew, generally vest as to 25% of the shares subject to the award on the first anniversary of the applicable "vestingfirst August 15, November 15, February 15 or May 15 to occur following the employment commencement date"date and as to 1/16th of the shares subject to the award as ofeach quarter thereafter for the end of each of the next 12 quarters thereafter,following three years, subject to Mr. Hu's continued employment with us through each applicablesuch vesting date.

          The equity awards granted to our named executive officers in 20172019 are set forth in the "Summary“Summary Compensation Table"Table” and the "Grants“Grants of Plan-Based Awards Table"Table” below.

                    One-Time Cash Bonus

                  On June 12, 2017, our compensation committee approved an award of a special one-time cash bonus to Ms. Smith in the amount of $125,000 in recognition of her services and contribution to us as our interim Chief People Officer during the period between May 2016 and June 2017.

                  The cash bonus paid to Ms. Smith in 2017 is set forth in the "Summary Compensation Table" below.

            Health and Welfare Benefits

          Our executive officers, including our named executive officers, are eligible to receive the same employee benefits that are generally available to all our full-time employees, subject to the satisfaction of certain eligibility requirements. These benefits include our medical, dental and vision insurance and life and disability insurance plans. In structuring these benefit plans, we seek to provide an aggregate level of benefits that are comparable to those provided by similar companies.

          In addition, we maintain atax-qualified 401(k) retirement plan that provides eligible U.S. employees with an opportunity to save for retirement on atax-advantaged basis. Plan participants are able to defer eligible compensation subject to the applicable annual limits set forth in the Code.Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). In 2017,2019, we matched 50% of each dollar contributedthe first 6% of contributions by plan participants, subject to annual contribution limits set forth in the 401(k) plan up to an annual maximum of $2,500.Code. We have the ability to make discretionary contributions to the 401(k) plan but have not done so to date. The 401(k) plan is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code with the plan'splan’s related trust intended to be tax exempt under Section 501(a) of the Code. As atax-qualified retirement plan, contributions to the 401(k) plan and earnings on those contributions are not taxable to the employees until distributed from the 401(k) plan.

            Perquisites and Other Personal Benefits

          Currently, we do not view perquisites or other personal benefits as a significant component of our executive compensation program. Accordingly, we do not provide significant perquisites or other personal benefits to our executive officers, including our named executive officers, except as generally made available to our employees, or in situations where we believe it is appropriate to assist an individual in the performance of his or her duties, to award long-standing service to us, to make our executive officers more efficient and effective and for recruitment and retention purposes.

          For example, in addition to the standard group plan available to all U.S. employees, we pay the premiums for individual supplemental long-term disability insurance for employees who qualify for the plan, including our executive officers and employees above a certain salary threshold. The additional individual supplemental long-term disability insurance premiumsbenefits we offer providesprovide up to an additional $5,000 per month per individual and brings the total long-term disability insurance benefit for our executive officers closer to the level of coverage offered to other employees who do not participate in the plan. We terminated these plans for all participants effective July 1, 2019.

          During 2017,2019, none of our named executive officers received perquisites or other personal benefits that were, in the aggregate, $10,000 or more for each individual, except our Chief Executive Officer, for whom we paid his filing fee under HSR, as well as a taxgross-up related to such fee and except our Chief Operating Officer, for whom we reimbursedrelated legal fees associated with the negotiation of hisfees. We


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          employment offer letter. We

          believe that reimbursing our Chief Executive Officer for the HSR filing fee and its related legal fees and tax consequences was consistent with our decision to continue to compensate him almost entirely through equity-compensation arrangements. Absent this regulatory filing, our Chief Executive Officer would not be able to participate in our long-term incentive compensation program and, therefore, we determined that it was appropriate for us to reimburse him for this filing fee and any related tax liabilities. In addition, we believe that reimbursing Mr. Hu for his legal fees in connection with the negotiation of his employment offer letter was appropriate and necessary to recruit him.

          In the future, we may provide perquisites or other personal benefits in limited circumstances. All future practices with respect to perquisites or other personal benefits will be approved and subject to periodic review by our compensation committee.

          We believe that having in place reasonable and competitive post-employment compensation arrangements are essential to attracting and retaining highly-qualifiedhighly qualified executive officers. We included certain provisions for payments and benefits in the event of a termination of employment, including an involuntary termination of employment in connection with a change in control of our Company, in the initial employment offer letters and equity award agreements with certain of our named executive officers. However, in connection with our initial public offering in 2016, we adopted an executive severance plan (as amended and restated in June 2017, the "Amended and Restated Executive Severance Plan") to provide more standardized severance payments and benefits to our executive officers and to supersede and replace the severance provisions in their employment offer letters or equity award agreements, if any, with payments and benefits that are aligned with competitive market practices as reflected by our compensation peer group.

                  The In March 2018, we divided our Amended and Restated Executive Severance Plan into three separate plans which apply to our Chief Executive Officer (the “CEO Severance Plan”), our key executive officers (the “Key Executive Severance Plan”, together with our CEO Severance Plan, the “Executive Severance Plans“) and vice president-level employees (the “VP Severance Plan”). Our Chief Executive Officer participates in the CEO Severance Plan and our other named executive officers participate in the Key Executive Severance Plan.

          The Executive Severance Plans, as discussed in more detail in "Potential“Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control—Amended and Restated Executive Severance Plan"Plans” below isare designed to help ensure the continued service of key executive officers in anthe event of a potential acquisition, context, to provide reasonable compensation to executive officers who leave our employ under specified circumstances and to align the interests of our executive officers and our stockholders when considering our long-term future.

          We believe that the severance payments and benefits provided to our executive officers under the Amended and Restated Executive Severance PlanPlans (and for our Chief Operating Officer, such planthe Key Executive Severance Plan and his negotiated employment offer letter) are appropriate in light of the post-employment compensation protections available to similarly-situated executive officers at companies in our compensation peer group and are an important component of each executive officer'sofficer’s overall compensation as they help us to attract and retain our key executives who could have other job alternatives that may appear to them to be more attractive absent these protections.

          We also believe that the occurrence or potential occurrence of a change in control transaction will create uncertainty regarding the continued employment of our executive officers. In order to encourage them to remain employed with us during an important time when their prospects for continued employment following the transaction are often uncertain, we provide our executive officers with the opportunity to receive additional severance protections during a change in control protection period. In addition, we provide additional payment and benefit protections if an executive officer voluntarily terminates employment with us for good reason in connection with a change in control of our Company, because we believe that a voluntary termination of employment for good reason is essentially equivalent to an involuntary termination of employment by us without cause. The primary purpose of these arrangements is to keep our most senior executive officers focused on pursuing potential corporate

          transactions that are in the best interests of our stockholders regardless of whether those


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          transactions may result in their own job loss. Reasonable post-acquisition payments and benefits should serve the interests of both the executive officer and our stockholders.

          To protect the Company'sour Company’s interests, we require all participants of the Amended and RestatedExecutive Severance PlanPlans to sign oura standard form of release prior to receiving any severance payments or benefits under the applicable plan.

          In addition, except with respect to the equity awards granted to our Chief Operating Officer in connection with his negotiated employment offer letter, under the Executive Severance Plans, all payments and benefits provided in the event of a change in control of the Company are payable only if there is a qualifying loss of employment by a named executive officer (commonly referred to as a "double-trigger"“double-trigger” arrangement). In the case of the acceleration of vesting of outstanding equity awards, we use this double-trigger arrangement to protect against the loss of retention value following a change in control of the Company and to avoid windfalls, both of which could occur if the vesting of equity awards accelerated automatically as a result of the transaction.

          As a result of arm'sarm’s length negotiations at the time of hire, a portion of our Chief Operating Officer'sOfficer’s performance-based stock options vest automatically in the event of a change in control of our Company. Specifically, if the conditions applicable to a performance-based stock option are satisfied, then the stock option will immediately vest with respect to 50% of the shares subject thereto and will thereafter vest in equal monthly installments over 24 months with respect to the remaining shares subject thereto, in each case, subject to our Chief Operating Officer'sOfficer’s continued employment with us through each applicable vesting date.

          We do not provide excise tax payments (or "gross-ups"“gross-ups”) relating to a change in control of our Company and have no such obligations in place with respect to any of our named executive officers.

          For detailed descriptions of the post-employment compensation arrangements we maintain with our named executive officers, as well as an estimate of the potential payments and benefits payable to our named executive officers under their post-employment compensation arrangements, see "Employment“Employment Agreements or Offer Letters with Named Executive Officers"Officers” and "Potential“Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control"Control” below.

            Other Compensation Policies and Practices

            Equity Awards Grant Policy

          Under our Amended and Restated Equity Award Grant Policy, we generally grant equity awards on a regularly scheduled basis to enhance the effectiveness of our internal control over our equity award grant process and to alleviate several of the burdens related to accounting for such equity awards, as follows:

            Any grants of equity awards made in conjunction with the hiring of a new employee or the promotion of an existing employee will be made, if at all, regularly (either monthly or quarterly) and will be effective on the date such grant is approved by our board of directors or our compensation committee or such future date as is approved by our board of directors or our compensation committee. In no event will the effective date of an equity award made in conjunction with the hiring of a new employee precede the first date of employment.

          Any grants of equity awards to existing employees (other than in connection with a promotion) will generally be made, if at all, on an annual or quarterly basis. Any such annual or quarterly grant will be effective on the date on which such grant is approved or such future date as is approved by our board of directors or our compensation committee.

          All equity awards will be priced on the effective date of the award. The exercise price of all stock options will be equal to the closing market price on The New York Stock Exchange of one


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              share of our Class A common stock on the effective date of grant, or, if no closing price is reported for such date, the closing price on the next immediately following date for which a closing price is reported. If the grant of restricted stock or of RSUs is denominated in dollars, the number of shares of restricted stock or RSUs that are granted will generally be calculated by dividing the dollar value of the approved award by the average closing market price on The New York Stock Exchange of one share of our Class A common stock over the trailing30-day period ending (i) five business days immediately prior to the effective date of grant for grants made pursuant to offer letters or award letters issued April 1, 2019 or later or (ii) on the last day of the month immediately prior to the month of the grant date for grants made pursuant to offer letters or award letters issued prior to April 1, 2019, with such total number of shares to be granted per recipient rounded up to the nearest whole share.

          Our board of directors or our compensation committee may delegate to a committee comprised of at least two of our executive officers all or part of the authority with respect to the granting of certain equity awards to employees (other than to such delegates), subject to certain limitations and requirements. Our board of directors and compensation committee have currently delegated authority to a subcommittee consisting of our Chief Financial Officer and General Counsel to grant, without any further action required by the compensation committee, equity awards to employees who are not delegated such authority.

            officers or vice presidents. The purpose of this delegation of authority is to enhance the flexibility of equity award administration and to facilitate the timely grant of equity awards tonon-management employees, particularly new employees, within specified limits approved from time to time by the compensation committee. As part of its oversight function, the compensation committee will review the list of grants made by the subcommittee at each regularly scheduledin-person meeting. During 2019, this subcommittee did not exercise its authority to grant any equity awards tonon-officer or vice president-level employees.

          Policy Prohibiting Hedging and Pledging of Equity Securities

          Our Amended and Restated Insider Trading Policy prohibits our employees, including our executive officers, and thenon-employee members of our board of directors from engaging in any short sale and from buying or selling puts, calls, other derivative securities of our Company or any derivative securities that provide the economic equivalent of ownership of any of our Company'sCompany’s securities or an opportunity, direct or indirect, to profit from any change in the value of our Company's securities or engage in any other hedging transaction with respect to our Company's securities, at any time. In addition, our Insider Trading Policy prohibits our employees, including our executive officers, and thenon-employee members of our board of directors from using our Company's securities as collateral in a margin account or from pledging our Company's securities as collateral for a loan.

          To further align the interests of our executive officers with those of our stockholders and to promote a long-term perspective in managing our Company, in April 2018, we adopted a stock ownership policy for our Chief Executive Officer and executive officers subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act ("(“Section 16 Officers"), including each of our named executive officers. Our stock ownership policy requires each named executive officer to acquire and hold the lesser of (i) a number of shares of our Company's common stock equal in value to a multiple of such named executive officer'sofficer’s annual base salary or (ii) 48,500 shares of our Company's common stock for our Chief Executive Officer and 15,500 shares of our Company's common stock for our other named executive officers, in each case, until he or she ceases to be our Chief Executive Officer or a Section 16 Officer, as applicable. The multiple for our Chief Executive Officer is four times his annual base salary and the multiple for our other named executive officers is one times his or her annual base salary. For purposes of our stock ownership policy, we only count directly and beneficially owned shares, including shares purchased through our Company's ESPP or 401(k) Plan, if applicable, shares underlying vested RSUs that are

          held or deferred and shares underlying vested and unexercisedin-the-money stock options. Each named executive officer has three years from the later of his or her designation as our Chief Executive Officer or Section 16 Officer, as applicable, or from the effective date of the policy to obtain the required ownership level.

          Generally, Section 162(m) of the Code ("(“Section 162(m)") disallows a federal income tax deduction for public corporations of remuneration in excess of $1 million paid in any fiscal year to


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          certain specified executive officers. For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2018 (i) these executive officers consisted of a public corporation'scorporation’s chief executive officer and up to three other executive officers (other than the chief financial officer) whose compensation is required to be disclosed to stockholders under the Exchange Act because they are our most highly-compensated executive officers and (ii) qualifying "performance-based compensation"“performance-based compensation” was not subject to this deduction limit if specified requirements are met.

          Pursuant to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, which was signed into law on December 22, 2017 (the "Tax Act"), for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, the remuneration of a public corporation'scorporation’s chief financial officer is also subject to the deduction limit. In addition, subject to certain transition rules (which apply to remuneration provided pursuant to written binding contracts which were in effect on November 2, 2017 and which are not subsequently modified in any material respect), for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, the exemption from the deduction limit for "performance-based compensation"“performance-based compensation” is no longer available. In addition, under the Tax Act, once an executive becomes a “covered employee” under Section 162(m), the individual will continue to be a “covered employee” as long as he or she remains employed by the company. Consequently, for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2017, all remuneration in excess of $1 million paid to a specifiedcovered executive will not be deductible.deductible unless it qualifies for transitional relief applicable to certain binding, written performance-based compensation arrangements that were in place as November 2, 2017 or transitional relief applicable to certain newly public companies. These changes will cause more of our compensation to benon-deductible under Section 162(m) in the future and will eliminate the Company'sCompany’s ability to structure performance-based awards to be exempt from Section 162(m).

          In designing our executive compensation program and determining the compensation of our executive officers, including our named executive officers, our compensation committee considers a variety of factors, including the potential impact of the Section 162(m) deduction limit. However,While our compensation committee will not necessarily limit executive compensation to that which is or may be deductible under Section 162(m). The deductibilitymindful of some typesthe benefit of compensation depends upon the timing of an executive officer's vesting or exercise of previously granted rights. Further, interpretations of and changes in the tax laws, and other factors beyond our compensation committee's control also affect the deductibility of compensation. Our compensation committee will consider various alternatives to preserving thefull deductibility of compensation, payments and benefits toit believes that we should not be constrained by the extent consistent with its compensation goals and will continue to monitor developments underrequirements of Section 162(m).

                  To maintain where those requirements would impair our flexibility to compensatein compensating our executive officers in a manner designed tothat can best promote our short-term and long-term corporate goals,objectives. Therefore, our compensation committee has not adopted a policy that would require that all compensation must be deductible.deductible, though it does consider the deductibility of compensation when making compensation decisions. Our compensation committee may authorize compensation payments that are not fully tax deductible if it believes that our stockholders' interestssuch payments are best served if its discretionappropriate to attract and flexibility in awarding compensation is not restricted, even though some compensation awards may result in non-deductible compensation expense.retain executive talent or meet other business objectives.

            Taxation of "Parachute"“Parachute” Payments

            Sections 280G and 4999 of the Code provide that executive officers and directors who hold significant equity interests and certain other service providers may be subject to significant additional taxes if they receive payments or benefits in connection with a change in control of the Company that exceeds certain prescribed limits, and that the Company (or a successor) may forfeit a deduction on the amounts subject to this additional tax. We have not agreed to provide any executive officer, including any named executive officer, with a "gross-up"“gross-up” or other reimbursement payment for any tax liability that the executive officer might owe as a result of the application of Sections 280G or 4999 of the Code.

            Section 409A of the Code imposes additional significant taxes in the event that an executive officer, director or service provider receives "deferred compensation"“deferred compensation” that does not satisfy the requirements of Section 409A of the Code. Although we do not maintain a traditional nonqualified deferred compensation plan for our executive officers, Section 409A of the Code does apply to certain severance arrangements, bonus arrangements and equity awards, and we have structured all such arrangements and awards in a manner to either avoid or comply with the applicable requirements of Section 409A of the Code. For ournon-employee directors, we provide aNon-Employee Directors' Directors’ Deferred Compensation Program, which has been structured to comply with the applicable requirements of Section 409A of the Code.


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            We follow the Financial Accounting Standard Board'sBoard’s Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718 ("(“FASB ASC Topic 718") for our stock-based compensation awards. FASB ASC Topic 718 requires us to measure the compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to our employees andnon-employee members of our board of directors, including options to purchase shares of our common stock and other stock awards, based on the grant date "fair value"“fair value” of these awards. This cost is recognized as an expense following the straight-line attribution method over the requisite service period. This calculation is performed for accounting purposes and reported in the executive compensation tables required by the federal securities laws, even though the recipient of the awards may never realize any value from such awards.

            In consultation with management and Compensia, our compensation committee'scommittee’s independent compensation consultant, in March 2018,2020, our compensation committee assessed our compensation plans, policies and practices for named executive officers and other employees and concluded that they do not create risks that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our Company.us. This risk assessment included, among other things, a review of our cash and equity incentive-based compensation plans to ensure that they are aligned with our Company performance goals and overall target total direct compensation to ensure an appropriate balance between fixed and variable pay components. Our compensation committee conducts this assessment annually.

            Summary Compensation Table

            The following table provides information regarding the total compensation, for services rendered in all capacities, that was paid to or earned by our named executive officers during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2015, December 31, 2016,2017, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

            Name and principal position
             Year Salary
            ($)
             Bonus
            ($)
             Stock
            awards
            ($)(1)
             Option
            awards ($)(2)
             Non-
            equity
            incentive
            compensation ($)
             All other
            compensation
            ($)
             Total
            ($)
             

            Jeff Lawson

              2017  133,700    2,789,181  2,499,093    204,427(3) 5,626,401 

            Chief Executive Officer and

              2016  133,700    1,917,100        2,050,800 

            Chairperson

              2015  299,783(4) 15,000(5)   1,897,644  41,125(6)   2,253,552 

            Lee Kirkpatrick

              
            2017
              
            500,000
              
              
            1,617,719
              
            1,449,471
              
              
            4,816

            (3)
             
            3,572,006
             

            Chief Financial Officer

              2016  380,000    882,875        1,262,875 

              2015  327,500(4) 15,000(5)   873,915  48,125(6)   1,264,540 

            George Hu(7)

              
            2017
              
            502,308
              
              
            3,172,000
              
            17,691,850
              
              
            29,143

            (3)
             
            21,395,301
             

            Chief Operating Officer

                                     

            Karyn Smith

              
            2017
              
            400,000
              
            125,000

            (8)
             
            1,004,087
              
            899,667
              
              
            4,716

            (3)
             
            2,433,470
             

            General Counsel

              2016  337,500    303,376        640,876 

              2015  293,750(4) 15,000(5)   300,302  43,750(6)   652,802 

            (1)
            The amounts reported in this column represent the aggregate grant date fair value of the RSUs awarded to the named executive officers in the fiscal years ended December 31, 2015, December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2017, as applicable, calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. Such aggregate grant date fair values do not take into account any estimated forfeitures related to service-vesting conditions. The valuation assumptions used in determining such amounts are described in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 1, 2018. The amounts reflect the accounting cost for the RSUs and do not correspond to the actual economic value that may be received by the named executive officers upon vesting or settlement of the RSUs.

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            (2)
            The amounts reported in this column represent the aggregate grant date fair value of the stock options awarded to the named executive officer in the fiscal years ended December 31, 2015, December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2017, as applicable, calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. Such aggregate grant date fair values do not take into account any estimated forfeitures related to service-vesting conditions. The valuation assumptions used in determining such amounts are described in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements included our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 1, 2018. The amounts reported in this column reflect the accounting cost for these stock options and do not correspond to the actual economic value that may be received by the named executive officers upon exercise of the stock options or sale of the shares of common stock underlying such stock options. Mr. Hu's 2017 amount includes the aggregate grant date fair value of his performance-based stock options, equal to an aggregate grant date fair value of $5,947,750, based upon the probable outcome of the applicable performance conditions, which is the maximum outcome.

            (3)
            For Mr. Lawson, consists of a reimbursement from the Company for a $125,000 HSR filing fee related to Mr. Lawson's stock ownership and $75,256 for the related tax gross-up, $1,670 for supplemental long-term disability insurance premiums, as well as $2,500 for our Company's matching contributions to his 401(k) account in 2017. For Mr. Hu, consists of a reimbursement from our Company for $25,000 for legal fees incurred in connection with the negotiation of his employment offer letter, $1,643 for supplemental long-term disability insurance premiums, as well as $2,500 for our Company's matching contributions to his 401(k) account in 2017. For each of Mr. Kirkpatrick and Ms. Smith, consists of $2,500 for our Company's matching contributions to his or her respective 401(k) account in 2017 as well as $2,316 and $2,216 for supplemental long-term disability insurance premiums for Mr. Kirkpatrick and Ms. Smith, respectively, in 2017.

            (4)
            Effective July 1, 2015, we terminated our 2015 Bonus Plan. In connection with the termination of the 2015 Bonus Plan, each of our named executive officers received an increase in annual base salary during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015. Effective July 1, 2015, Mr. Lawson's annual base salary increased from $235,000 to $480,000; however effective November 1, 2015, upon Mr. Lawson's request, his annual base salary decreased to $133,700. Effective July 1, 2015, Mr. Kirkpatrick's annual base salary increased from $275,000 to $380,000 and Ms. Smith's annual base salary increased from $250,000 to $337,500.

            (5)
            During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015, each of our named executive officers for 2015 received a discretionary bonus equal to $15,000 in connection with the termination of our 2015 Bonus Plan. The discretionary bonus was paid to each of our named executive officers in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.

            (6)
            Amounts for Messrs. Lawson and Kirkpatrick and Ms. Smith were earned based on our achievement of certain performance goals, including total revenue, base revenue, gross margin and non-GAAP operating income, in accordance with our 2015 Bonus Plan. Since the 2015 Bonus Plan was terminated effective July 1, 2015, each of our named executive officers received a pro-rata portion of his or her 2015 bonus under the plan.

            (7)
            Mr. Hu joined our Company on February 28, 2017 and was therefore not a named executive officer for 2016 or 2015. Mr. Hu's 2017 salary was pro-rated to his start date.

            (8)
            In June 2017, Ms. Smith received a special, one-time cash bonus in recognition of her services and contributions to us as our interim Chief People Officer during the period between May 2016 to June 2017.

            Table of Contents2019.

            Name and principal position

             Year  Salary
            ($)
              Bonus
            ($)
              Stock
            awards
            ($)(1)
              Option
            awards
            ($)(2)
              Non-
            equity
            incentive
            compensation
            ($)
             All other
            compensation
            ($)
              Total
            ($)
             

            Jeff Lawson

              2019   133,700      5,670,863   6,068,675    419,338(3)   12,292,576 

            Chief Executive Officer andChairperson

              2018   131,129      3,360,253   3,102,615    3,959(4)   6,597,956 
              2017   133,700      2,789,181   2,499,093    204,427(5)   5,626,401 

            Khozema Shipchandler(6)

              2019   567,000             7,000(3)   574,000 

            Chief Financial Officer

              2018   78,269      8,497,118   5,694,608    2,500(4)   14,272,495 

            George Hu

              2019   610,000      3,780,539   4,045,783    7,696(3)   8,444,018 

            Chief Operating Officer

              2018   588,462      4,766,442   1,466,263    3,891(4)   6,825,058 
              2017   502,308      3,172,000   17,691,850    29,143(5)   21,395,301 

            Chee Chew(7)

              2019   395,769      9,445,072   13,787,047    7,000(3)   23,634,888 

            Chief Product Officer

                    

            Karyn Smith

              2019   464,000      1,386,268   1,483,494    8,776(3)   3,342,538 

            General Counsel

              2018   407,020      1,016,345   938,409    4,416(4)   2,366,190 
              2017   400,000   125,000(8)   1,004,087   899,667    4,716(5)   2,433,470 

            (1)

            The amounts reported in this column represent the aggregate grant date fair value of the RSUs awarded to the named executive officers in the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017, December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2019, as applicable, calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. Such aggregate grant date fair values do not take into account any estimated forfeitures related to service-vesting conditions. The valuation assumptions used in determining such amounts are described in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form10-K filed with the SEC on March 2, 2020. The amounts reported in this column reflect the accounting cost for the RSUs and do not correspond to the actual economic value that may be received by the named executive officers upon the vesting or settlement of the RSUs.

            (2)

            The amounts reported in this column represent the aggregate grant date fair value of the stock options awarded to the named executive officer in the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017, December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2019, as applicable, calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. Such aggregate grant date fair values do not take into account any estimated forfeitures related to service-vesting conditions. The valuation assumptions used in determining such amounts are described in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements included our Annual Report on Form10-K filed with the SEC on March 2, 2020. The amounts reported in this column reflect the accounting cost for these stock options and do not correspond to the actual economic value that may be received by the named executive officers upon exercise of the stock options or sale of the shares of common stock underlying such stock options. The amount reported for Mr. Hu for 2017 includes the aggregate grant date fair value of his performance-based stock options, which was $5,947,750, based upon the probable outcome of the applicable performance conditions, which was determined to be the maximum performance outcome.

            (3)

            For Mr. Lawson, consists of a reimbursement from the Company for a $280,000 filing fee incurred under HSR related to Mr. Lawson’s stock ownership, $6,723 and $128,517, respectively, for the related legal fees and taxgross-up, $730 for supplemental long-term disability insurance premiums, as well as $3,368 for our Company’s matching contributions to his 401(k) account in 2019. For Mr. Shipchandler, consists of $7,000 for our Company’s matching contributions to his 401(k) account in 2019. For Mr. Hu, consists of $696 for supplemental long-term disability insurance premiums, as well as $7,000 for our Company’s matching contributions to his 401(k) account in 2019. For Mr. Chew, consists of $7,000 for our Company’s matching contributions to his 401(k) account in 2019. For Ms. Smith, consists of $958 for supplemental long-term disability insurance premiums, as well as $7,818 for our Company’s matching contributions to her 401(k) account in 2019.

            (4)

            For Mr. Lawson, consists of $1,459 for supplemental long-term disability insurance premiums, as well as $2,500 for our Company’s matching contributions to his 401(k) account in 2018. For Mr. Shipchandler, consists of $2,500 for our Company’s matching contributions to his 401(k) account. For Mr. Hu, consists of $1,391 for supplemental long-term

            disability insurance premiums, as well as $2,500 for our Company’s matching contributions to his 401(k) account in 2018. For Ms. Smith, consists of $1,916 for supplemental long-term disability insurance premiums, as well as $2,500 for our Company’s matching contributions to her 401(k) account in 2018.

            (5)

            For Mr. Lawson, consists of a reimbursement from the Company for a $125,000 filing fee incurred under HSR related to Mr. Lawson’s stock ownership and $75,256 for the related taxgross-up, $1,670 for supplemental long-term disability insurance premiums, as well as $2,500 for our Company’s matching contributions to his 401(k) account in 2017. For Mr. Hu, consists of a reimbursement from our Company for $25,000 for legal fees incurred in connection with the negotiation of his employment offer letter, $1,643 for supplemental long-term disability insurance premiums, as well as $2,500 for our Company’s matching contributions to his 401(k) account in 2017. For Ms. Smith, consists of $2,500 for our Company’s matching contributions to her 401(k) account in 2017 as well as $2,216 for supplemental long-term disability insurance premiums in 2017.

            (6)

            Mr. Shipchandler was appointed as our Chief Financial Officer on November 12, 2018 and was therefore not a named executive officer for 2017. Mr. Shipchandler’s 2018 base salary waspro-rated to his employment start date.

            (7)

            Mr. Chew was appointed as our Chief Product Officer on January 14, 2019 and was therefore not a named executive officer for 2018 and 2017. Mr. Chew’s 2019 base salary waspro-rated to his employment start date.

            (8)

            In June 2017, Ms. Smith received a special,one-time cash bonus in recognition of her services and contributions to us as our interim Chief People Officer during the period between May 2016 to June 2017.

            Grants of Plan-Based Awards Table

            The following table sets forth certain information with respect to all plan-based awards granted to theour named executive officers during the fiscal year ending December 31, 2017.

             
              
              
              
              
              
              
             All Other
            Option
            Awards:
            Number of
            Securities
            Underlying
            Options
            (#)
              
              
             
             
              
              
             Estimated Future Payouts Under Equity Incentive Plan Awards(1) All Other
            Stock
            Awards:
            Number of
            Shares of
            Stock or
            Units (#)
             Exercise
            or Base
            Price of
            Option
            Awards
            ($/sh)
              
             
             
              
              
             Grant Date
            Fair Value
            of Option
            Awards
            ($)(2)
             
            Name
             Type of Award Grant
            Date
             Threshold
            ($)
             Target
            ($)
             Maximum
            ($)
             

            Jeff Lawson

             Time-Based Stock Option  2/10/2017          163,890(3) 31.96  2,499,093 

             Time-Based RSUs  2/10/2017        87,271(4)     2,789,181 

            Lee Kirkpatrick

             Time-Based Stock Option  2/10/2017          95,056(3) 31.96  1,449,471 

             Time-Based RSUs  2/10/2017        50,617(4)     1,617,719 

            George Hu

             Time-Based Stock Option  2/28/2017          900,000(3) 31.72  11,744,100 

             Performance-Based Stock Option  2/28/2017    185,000(5)       31.72  2,493,800 

             Performance-Based Stock Option  2/28/2017    185,000(5)       31.72  1,898,100 

             Performance-Based Stock Option  2/28/2017    185,000(5)       31.72  1,555,850 

             Time-Based RSUs  2/28/2017        100,000(4)     3,172,000 

            Karyn Smith

             Time-Based Stock Option  2/10/2017          59,000(3) 31.96  899,667 

             Time-Based RSUs  2/10/2017        31,417(4)     1,004,087 

            (1)
            The performance-based stock options do not have a "Threshold" or "Maximum". The "Target" column reflects the number of performance-based stock options that may vest assuming all performance conditions are achieved.

            (2)
            The amounts reported in this column represent the aggregate grant date fair value of the RSUs and stock options, as applicable, awarded to the named executive officer in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. Such aggregate grant date fair values do not take into account any estimated forfeitures related to service-vesting conditions. The valuation assumptions used in determining such amounts are described in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements included our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 1, 2018. The amounts reported in this column reflect the accounting cost for these RSUs and stock options, as applicable, and do not correspond to the actual economic value that may be received by the named executive officers upon the vesting or settlement of the RSUs or the exercise of the stock options or sale of the shares of common stock underlying such stock options, as applicable. Mr. Hu's 2017 amount includes the aggregate grant date fair value of his performance-based stock options, equal to an aggregate grant date fair value of $5,947,750, based upon the probable outcome of the applicable performance conditions, which is the maximum outcome.

            (3)
            The stock option is subject to time-based vesting, as described in the footnotes to the "Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End Table" below.

            (4)
            The RSUs are subject to time-based vesting, as described in the footnotes to the "Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End Table" below.

            (5)
            The stock option is subject to performance-based vesting, as described in the footnotes to the "Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End Table" below.

            Table of Contents2019.

                   

             

            Estimated Future Payouts
            Under Equity Incentive Plan
            Awards(1)

              All Other
            Stock
            Awards:
            Number of
            Shares of
            Stock or
            Units (#)
              All Other
            Option
            Awards:
            Number of
            Securities
            Underlying
            Options
            (#)
              Exercise
            or Base
            Price of
            Option
            Awards
            ($/sh)
              Grant Date
            Fair Value
            of Stock and
            Option
            Awards
            ($)(1)
             

            Name

             Type of Award Grant
            Date
              Threshold
            ($)
              Target
            ($)
              Maximum
            ($)
             

            Jeff Lawson

             Time-Based Stock Option  1/31/2019               110,697(2)   111.32   6,068,675 
             Time-Based RSUs  1/31/2019            50,942(3)         5,670,863 

            Khozema Shipchandler(4)

             Time-Based Stock Option                        
             Time-Based RSUs                        

            George Hu

             Time-Based Stock Option  1/31/2019               73,798(2)   111.32   4,045,783 
             Time-Based RSUs  1/31/2019            33,961(3)         3,780,539 

            Chee Chew(5)

             Time-Based Stock Option  2/20/2019               241,066(2)   116.30   13,787,047 
             Time-Based RSUs  2/20/2019            81,213(3)         9,445,072 

            Karyn Smith

             Time-Based Stock Option  1/31/2019               27,060(2)   111.32   1,483,494 
             Time-Based RSUs  1/31/2019            12,453(3)         1,386,268 

            (1)

            The amounts reported in this column represent the aggregate grant date fair value of the RSUs and stock options, as applicable, granted to the named executive officer in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. Such aggregate grant date fair values do not take into account any estimated forfeitures related to service-vesting conditions. The valuation assumptions used in determining such amounts are described in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form10-K filed with the SEC on March 2, 2020. The amounts reported in this column reflect the accounting cost for these RSUs and stock options, as applicable, and do not correspond to the actual economic value that may be received by the named executive officers upon the vesting or settlement of the RSUs or the exercise of the stock options or sale of the shares of common stock underlying such stock options, as applicable.

            (2)

            The stock options are subject to time-based vesting, as described in the footnotes to the “Outstanding Equity Awards at FiscalYear-End Table” below.

            (3)

            The RSUs are subject to time-based vesting, as described in the footnotes to the “Outstanding Equity Awards at FiscalYear-End Table” below.

            (4)

            Mr. Shipchandler did not receive an annual equity award in 2019 since he was granted equity awards in connection with his commencement of employment with us in November 2018.

            (5)

            Mr. Chew was appointed as our Chief Product Officer on January 14, 2019 and received new hire equity awards in connection with his commencement of employment with us.

            Outstanding Equity Awards at FiscalYear-End Table

            The following table sets forth information regarding outstanding equity awards held by our named executive officers as of December 31, 2017.2019. Except as described below, all stock options and RSUs are subject to certain vesting acceleration provisions as provided in our Amended and Restatedthe applicable Executive Severance Plan (and for our Chief Operating Officer, in such plan as well as his employment offer letter).

             
              
             Option Awards(1)(2) Stock Awards(1)(2) 
            Name
             Grant
            date
             Number of
            securities
            underlying
            unexercised
            options (#)
            exercisable
             Number of
            securities
            underlying
            unexercised
            options (#)
            unexercisable
             Equity
            incentive
            plan awards:
            number of
            securities
            underlying
            unexercised
            unearned
            options (#)
             Option
            exercise
            price ($)(3)
             Option
            expiration
            date
             Number of
            shares or
            units of
            stock that
            have not
            vested (#)
             Market
            value of
            shares or
            units of
            stock that
            have not
            vested ($)(4)
             

            Jeff Lawson

              12/31/2015  316,667(5)     10.09  12/30/2025     

            Chief Executive Officer and

              2/10/2017    163,890(6)   31.96  2/9/2027     

            Chairperson

              2/4/2016            106,875(7)$2,522,250 

              2/10/2017            87,271(8)$2,059,596 

            Lee Kirkpatrick

              5/17/2012  387,076(9)     1.24  05/16/2022     

            Chief Financial Officer

              12/31/2015  175,000(10)     10.09  12/30/2025     

              2/10/2017    95,056(6)   31.96  2/9/2027     

              2/4/2016            43,750(11)$1,032,500 

              2/10/2017            50,617(8)$1,194,561 

            George Hu

              2/28/2017    900,000(12)   31.72  2/27/2027     

            Chief Operating Officer

              2/28/2017      555,000(13) 31.72  2/27/2024     

              2/28/2017            100,000(14)$2,360,000 

            Karyn Smith

              10/29/2014  198,952(15)     4.73  10/28/2024     

            General Counsel

              12/31/2015  36,069(16)     10.09  12/30/2025     

              2/10/2017    59,000(6)   31.96  2/9/2027     

              2/4/2016            16,913(7)$399,147 

              2/10/2017            31,417(8)$741,441 

            (1)
            Equity awards granted prior to June 21, 2016 were granted pursuant to our 2008 Stock Option Plan (as amended and restated, the "2008 Plan"). Each stock option under the 2008 Plan is immediately exercisable. To the extent a named executive officer exercises his or her 2008 Plan stock options prior to vesting, the shares of our common stock that he or she will receive will be unvested and subject to the Company's right of repurchase, which will lapse in accordance with the original vesting schedule of the stock option. No named executive officer has early exercised his or her stock options.

            (2)
            Unless otherwise described in the footnotes below, the vesting of each equity award on a vesting date is subject to the applicable named executive officer's continued employment with the Company through such vesting date.

            (3)
            This column represents the fair market value of a share of our common stock on the date of the grant, as determined by the administrator of our 2008 Plan or 2016 Plan, as applicable.

            (4)
            This column represents the market value of the shares underlying the RSUs as of December 31, 2017, based on the closing price of our Class A common stock, as reported on The New York Stock Exchange, of $23.60 per share on December 29, 2017 (the last trading day of 2017). These values assume that the fair market value of the Class B common stock underlying certain of the RSUs, which is not listed or approved for trading on or with any securities exchange or association, is equal to the fair market value of our Class A common stock.

            (5)
            The shares subject to the stock option vest in equal monthly installments over 48 months following January 15, 2016.

            (6)
            The shares subject to the stock option vest as follows: 1/4th of the shares vested on January 1, 2018 and 1/48th of the shares vest monthly thereafter.

            (7)
            The RSUs vest in sixteen equal quarterly installments following January 15, 2016.

            (8)
            The RSUs vest as follows: 13/48 of the RSUs vested on February 15, 2018, after which 1/16 of the RSUs vest quarterly for the next 11 quarters, with 1/24 of the RSUs vesting in the next quarter thereafter.

            (9)
            The shares subject to the stock option vest as follows: 25% of the shares vested on May 7, 2013 and 1/48th of the shares vest on the seventh day of each month thereafter.

            (10)
            The shares subject to the stock option vest in equal monthly installments over 34 months following June 15, 2016.

            (11)
            The RSUs vest in twelve equal quarterly installments following June 15, 2016.

            (12)
            The shares subject to the stock option vest as follows: 25% of the shares vested on February 28, 2018 and the remaining shares vest in equal monthly installments over the following three years.

            (13)
            Consists of three performance-based stock options, each to purchase 185,000 shares of our Class A common stock. 50% of the shares subject to each stock option will vest if a certain pre-established target level tied to the Company's revenue is achieved by a certain specified date. The remaining 50% of the shares subject to each stock option will thereafter vest in 24 equal monthly installments. If the Company's revenue

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              target for the applicable performance-based stock option is not achieved by the applicable date, then the 185,000 shares subject to the stock option will be forfeited at such time.

            (14)
            The RSUs vest as follows: 25% of the RSUs vested on February 28, 2018 and the remaining RSUs vest in equal quarterly installments over the following three years, in each case on May 15, August 15, November 15 and February 15.

            (15)
            The shares subject to the stock option vest as follows: 25% of the shares vested on September 2, 2015 and 1/48th of the shares vest on the second day of each month thereafter.

            (16)
            The shares subject to the stock option vest in equal monthly installments over 48 months following January 15, 2016.

             In February 2018, our compensation committee approved the grant of a stock option to purchase shares of our Class A common stock and a grant of RSUs to each of our named executive officers. Such stock options and RSUs are subject to time-based vesting conditions and full acceleration of vesting only upon both a change in control of the Company plus a qualifying termination of employment in accordance with our Amended and Restated Executive Severance Plan.

                   Option Awards(1)(2)   Stock Awards(1)(2) 

            Name

              Grant
            date
               Number of
            securities
            underlying
            unexercised
            options (#)
            exercisable
              Number of
            securities
            underlying
            unexercised
            options (#)
            unexercisable
              Equity
            incentive
            plan awards:
            number of
            securities
            underlying
            unexercised
            unearned
            options (#)
               Option
            exercise
            price ($)(3)
               Option
            expiration
            date
               Number of
            shares or
            units of
            stock that
            have not
            vested (#)
              Market
            value of
            shares or
            units of
            stock that
            have not
            vested ($)(4)
             

            Jeff Lawson

               12/31/2015    316,667(5)          10.09    12/30/2025        

            Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson

               2/10/2017    119,502   44,388(6)       31.96    2/9/2027        
               2/20/2018    93,311   110,278(7)       33.01    2/19/2028        
               1/31/2019       110,697(8)       111.32    1/30/2029        
               2/4/2016                      11,875(9)  $1,167,075 
               2/10/2017                      25,457(10)  $2,501,914 
               2/20/2018                      57,260(11)  $5,627,513 
               1/31/2019                      50,942(12)  $5,006,580 

            Khozema Shipchandler(10)

               11/01/2018    43,333   116,667(13)       76.63    10/31/2028        

            Chief Financial Officer

               11/01/2018                      83,163(14)  $8,173,260 

            George Hu

               2/28/2017    423,900   262,500(15)       31.72    2/27/2027        

            Chief Operating Officer

               2/28/2017    427,812   127,188(16)       31.72    2/27/2024        
               2/20/2018    44,098   52,116(7)       33.01    2/19/2028      �� 
               1/31/2019       73,798(8)       111.32    1/30/2029        
               2/28/2017                      31,250(17)  $3,071,250 
               2/20/2018                      54,121(11)  $5,319,012 
               2/21/2018                      27,061(11)  $2,659,555 
               1/31/2019                      33,961(12)  $3,337,687 

            Chee Chew

               2/20/2019       241,066(18)       116.30    2/19/2029        

            Chief Product Officer

               2/20/2019                      81,213(19)  $7,981,614 

            Karyn Smith

               10/29/2014    16,543(20)          4.73    10/28/2024        

            General Counsel

               12/31/2015    10,957(5)          10.09    12/30/2025        
               2/10/2017       15,980(6)       31.96    2/9/2027        
               2/20/2018       33,355(7)       33.01    2/19/2028        
               1/31/2019       27,060(8)       111.32    1/30/2029        
               2/4/2016                      1,880(9)  $184,766 
               2/10/2017                      9,165(10)  $900,736 
               2/20/2018                      17,319(11)  $1,702,111 
               1/31/2019                      12,453(12)  $1,223,881 

            (1)

            Equity awards granted prior to June 21, 2016 were granted pursuant to our 2008 Stock Option Plan (as amended and restated, the “2008 Plan”). Each stock option under the 2008 Plan is immediately exercisable. To the extent a named executive officer exercises his or her 2008 Plan stock options prior to vesting, the shares of our common stock that he or she will receive will be unvested and subject to the Company’s right of repurchase, which will lapse in accordance with the original vesting schedule of the stock option. No named executive officer has early exercised his or her stock options. Equity awards granted on or after June 21, 2016 were granted pursuant to our 2016 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (as amended from time to time, the “2016 Plan”).

            (2)

            Unless otherwise described in the footnotes below, the vesting of each equity award on a vesting date is subject to the applicable named executive officer’s continued service to (if granted under the 2008 Plan) or continued employment with (if granted under the 2016 Plan) the Company through such vesting date.

            (3)

            This column represents the fair market value of a share of our common stock on the date of the grant, as determined by the administrator of our 2008 Plan or 2016 Plan, as applicable.

            (4)

            This column represents the aggregate fair market value of the shares underlying the RSUs as of December 31, 2019, based on the closing price of our Class A common stock, as reported on The New York Stock Exchange, of $98.28 per share on December 31, 2019. These values assume that the fair market value of the Class B common stock underlying certain of the RSUs, which is not listed or approved for trading on or with any securities exchange or association, is equal to the fair market value of our Class A common stock.

            (5)

            The option has fully vested.

            (6)

            The shares subject to the stock option vest as follows: 1/4th of the shares vested on January 1, 2018 and 1/48th of the shares vest monthly thereafter.

            (7)

            The shares subject to the stock option vest as follows: 1/48th of the shares vested on March 15, 2018 and the remaining shares subject to the option vest in equal monthly installments over the following four years.

            (8)

            The shares subject to the stock option vest as follows: 33% of the shares subject to the stock option vest on December 31, 2020, 33% of the shares subject to the stock option vest on December 31, 2021 and 34% of the shares subject to the stock option vest on December 31, 2022.

            (9)

            The RSUs vest in 16 equal quarterly installments following January 15, 2016.

            (10)

            The RSUs vest as follows: 13/48 of the RSUs vested on February 15, 2018, after which 1/16 of the RSUs vest quarterly for the next 11 quarters, with 1/24 of the RSUs vesting in the next quarter thereafter.

            (11)

            The RSUs vest as follows: 1/16th of the RSUs vested on May 15, 2018 and 1/16 of the RSUs vest quarterly for the next 15 quarters on August 15, November 15, February 15 and May 15, as applicable.

            (12)

            The RSUs vest as follows: 33% of the RSUs shall vest on December 31, 2020, 33% of the RSUs shall vest on December 31, 2021 and 34% of the RSUs shall vest on December 31, 2022.

            (13)

            The shares subject to the stock option vest as follows: 25% of the shares subject to the stock option vested on November 1, 2019, and the remaining shares subject to the stock option vest in equal monthly installments over the following three years.

            (14)

            The RSUs vest as follows: 25% of the RSUs vested on November 15, 2019 and the remaining RSUs vest in equal quarterly installments over the following three years, in each case on February 15, May 15, August 15 and November 15, as applicable.

            (15)

            The shares subject to the stock option vest as follows: 25% of the shares vested on February 28, 2018 and the remaining shares vest in equal monthly installments over the following three years.

            (16)

            Consists of three performance-based stock options, each to purchase 185,000 shares of our Class A common stock. As of December 31, 2019, Mr. Hu had satisfied all threepre-established performance-based target levels tied to the Company’s revenue by the specified dates and 50% of the shares subject to each stock option were vested. The remaining 50% of the share subject to each stock option vest thereafter in 24 equal monthly installments.

            (17)

            The RSUs vest as follows: 25% of the RSUs vested on February 28, 2018 and the remaining RSUs vest in equal quarterly installments over the following three years, in each case on May 15, August 15, November 15 and February 15, as applicable.

            (18)

            The stock option vests as follows: 25% of the shares subject to the option vest on January 14, 2020 and the remaining shares subject to the option vest in equal monthly installments over the following three years.

            (19)

            The RSUs vest as follows: 13/48 of the RSUs vest on February 15, 2020, after which 1/16th of the RSUs vest quarterly for the next 11 quarters, with 1/24th of the RSUs vesting in the next quarter thereafter.

            (20)

            The option has fully vested.

            Option Exercises and Stock Vested Table

            The following table presents, for each of theour named executive officers, the shares of our common stock that were acquired upon the exercise of stock options and vesting of RSUs and the related value realized during the fiscal year ending December 31, 2017.2019.

             
             Option Awards Stock Awards 
            Name
             Number of
            Shares
            Acquired
            on Exercise
            (#)
             Value
            Realized on
            Exercise
            ($)(1)(2)
             Number of
            Shares
            Acquired on
            Vesting
            (#)
             Value
            Realized on
            Vesting
            ($)(1)(3)
             

            Jeff Lawson

                  47,500  1,425,713 

            Lee Kirkpatrick

              129,449  3,608,441  29,167  825,575 

            George Hu

                     

            Karyn Smith

              32,202  693,984  7,517  225,622 

            (1)
            These values assume that the fair market value of the Class B common stock underlying certain of the stock options and RSUs, which is not listed or approved for trading on or with any securities exchange or association, is equal to the fair market value of our Class A common stock. Each share of Class B common stock is convertible into one share of Class A Common Stock at any time at the option of the holder or upon certain transfers of such shares.

            (2)
            The aggregate value realized upon the exercise of a stock option represents the difference between the aggregate market price of the shares of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock (which is assumed to be equal to our Class A common stock as described in footnote (1) above), as applicable, on the date of exercise and the aggregate exercise price of the stock option.

            (3)
            The aggregate value realized upon the vesting and settlement of the RSUs represents the aggregate market price of the shares of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock (which is assumed to be equal to our Class A common stock as described in footnote (1) above), as applicable, on the date of settlement.

               Option Awards   Stock Awards 

            Name

              Number of
            Shares
            Acquired
            on Exercise
            (#)
               Value
            Realized on
            Exercise
            ($)(1)(2)
               Number of
            Shares
            Acquired on
            Vesting
            (#)
               Value
            Realized on
            Vesting
            ($)(1)(3)
             

            Jeff Lawson

                       94,767    11,176,374 

            Khozema Shipchandler

                       27,722    2,719,805 

            George Hu

               25,600    1,858,018    61,079    7,042,596 

            Chee Chew

                            

            Karyn Smith

               227,588    25,234,207    23,068    2,699,252 

            (1)

            These values assume that the fair market value of the Class B common stock underlying certain of the stock options and RSUs, which is not listed or approved for trading on or with any securities exchange or association, is equal to the fair market value of our Class A common stock. Each share of Class B common stock is convertible into one share of Class A Common Stock at any time at the option of the holder or upon certain transfers of such shares.

            (2)

            The aggregate value realized upon the exercise of a stock option represents the difference between the aggregate market price of the shares of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock (which is assumed to be equal to our Class A common stock as described in footnote (1) above), as applicable, exercised on the date of exercise and the aggregate exercise price of the stock option.

            (3)

            The aggregate value realized upon the vesting and settlement of the RSUs represents the aggregate market price of the shares of our Class A common stock or Class B common stock (which is assumed to be equal to our Class A common stock as described in footnote (1) above), as applicable, that vested on the date of settlement.

            Employment Agreements or Offer Letters with Named Executive Officers

            Prior to our initial public offering, we initially entered into employment offer letters with each of our named executive officers, except for our Chief Executive Officer, in connection with his or her employment with us, which set forth the terms and conditions of employment of each individual, including

            his or her initial base salary, initial target annual bonus opportunity and standard employee benefit plan participation. In addition, these employment offer letters provided for certain payments and benefits in the event of an involuntary termination of employment following a change in control of


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            the Company. In connection with our initial public offering, we adopted an executive severance plan, which was subsequently amended and restated and divided into three separate plans (i.e., the AmendedExecutive Severance Plans and Restated Executivethe VP Severance Plan), in order to provide more standardized severance benefits to our named executive officers and to supersede and replace any existing severance arrangements with payments and benefits that were aligned with our peer group practices. For named executive officers hired after our initial public offering, we did not provide for any severance or change in control payments or benefits in their employment offer letters (except for limited vesting acceleration provisions in our Chief Operating Officer'sOfficer’s employment offer letter). Each of our named executive officers, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer, is a participant in the Amended and Restatedapplicable Executive Severance Plan, as further described below. The Amended and Restated Executive Severance Plan providesPlans provide for certain payments and benefits in the event of a termination of employment, including an involuntary termination of employment in connection with a change in control of the Company, and replaced the severance provisions in our named executive officers'officers’ employment offer letters and award agreements, if any, entered into prior to our initial public offering.

              Jeff Lawson

            We have not entered into an employment offer letter or employment agreement with Mr. Lawson.

              Lee KirkpatrickKhozema Shipchandler

            On April 24, 2012,August 20, 2018, we entered into an employment offer letter with Mr. Kirkpatrick,Shipchandler, who currently serves as our Chief Financial Officer. The employment offer letter provided for Mr. Kirkpatrick's at-willShipchandler’s“at-will” employment and set forth his initial annual base salary target bonus and an initial stock option and RSU grant, as well as his eligibility to participate in our benefit plans generally. Mr. KirkpatrickShipchandler is subject to our standard employment, confidential information, invention assignment and arbitration agreement.

                    On February 13, 2018, we announced that Mr. Kirkpatrick had informed us and our board of directors of his decision to retire from the Company. To ensure an orderly transition and continuity of operations, Mr. Kirkpatrick is expected to continue to serve as Chief Financial Officer until his successor is found and has moved into the role. The search process has begun and is expected to be completed before the end of the fiscal year.

              George Hu

            On February 28, 2017, we entered into an employment offer letter with Mr. Hu, who currently serves as our Chief Operating Officer. The employment offer letter provided for Mr. Hu's at-willHu’s“at-will” employment and set forth his initial annual base salary and initial stock option and RSU grants, as well as his eligibility to participate in our benefit plans generally. Details regarding Mr. Hu's initial stock option and RSU grants are described above in the section titled "Executive Summary—Executive Compensation Highlights—Appointment of Chief Operating Officer" above. Pursuant to the employment offer letter, we also agreed to provide Mr. Hu with reimbursements for his legal fees in connection with the negotiation of such employment offer letter, up to a maximum aggregate amount of $25,000. Mr. Hu is subject to our standard employment, confidential information, invention assignment and arbitration agreement.

            Chee Chew

            On November 9, 2018, we entered into an employment offer letter with Mr. Chew, who currently serves as our Chief Product Officer. The equity award agreementsemployment offer letter provided for Mr. Hu's time-based stockChew’s“at-will” employment and set forth his initial annual base salary, and an initial RSU and option and time-based RSUs provide that ifgrant, as well as his employmenteligibility to participate in our benefit plans generally. Mr. Chew is terminated by us for any reason other than for "cause" (as such term is defined in his employment offer letter), death or disability or he resigns for "good reason" (as such term is defined in his employment offer letter) (each, a "Termination Event"), in either case, within the first two years of his employment with us, then, subject to his delivery of an effective release of claims in our favor, the vesting of such awards will be accelerated to the extent necessary to cause 50% of the


            Table of Contentsstandard employment, confidential information, invention assignment and arbitration agreement.

            original number of shares subject to each such award to be vested on the date of such termination of employment.

                    The stock option agreements for Mr. Hu's performance-based stock options provide that if a Termination Event occurs within the first two years of his employment with us, then, subject to his delivery of an effective release of claims in our favor, the vesting of such stock options will be accelerated to the extent that the applicable Company revenue targets are within a certain percentage of attainment as of the end of the quarter in which such termination occurs. Upon a "Sale Event" (as such term is defined in the 2016 Plan), the applicable performance condition will be deemed met with respect to any outstanding performance-based stock options, such that 50% of the shares subject thereto will vest and the other 50% of the shares subject thereto will be subject to time-based vesting in 24 equal monthly installments thereafter, subject to Mr. Hu's continued employment with the Company or its successor through each applicable vesting date.

              Karyn Smith

            On July 30, 2014, we entered into an employment offer letter with Ms. Smith, who currently serves as our General Counsel. The employment offer letter provided for Ms. Smith's at-willSmith’s“at-will” employment and set forth her initial annual base salary, target annual cash bonus opportunity and an initial option grant, as well as her eligibility to participate in our benefit plans generally. Ms. Smith is subject to our standard employment, confidential information, invention assignment and arbitration agreement.

            Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control

                    The Amended and RestatedOur Executive Severance Plan providesPlans provide that upon a termination of employment by us for any reason other than for "cause"“cause” (as defined in the Amended and Restatedapplicable Executive Severance Plan except that for our Chief Operating Officer, "cause"“cause” will be as defined in his employment offer letter), death or disability in each case, outside of the change in control period (i.e., the period beginning three months prior to and ending 12 months after, a "change“change in control," as defined in the Amended and Restatedapplicable Executive Severance Plan), an eligible participant will be entitled to receive, subject to the execution and delivery of an effective release of claims in our favor, of the Company, (i) a lump sum cash payment equal to nine months of base salary for our Chief Executive Officer, and six months of base salary for our other named executive officers, and (ii) a monthly cash payment equal to our contribution towards COBRA health insurance for up to nine months for our Chief Executive Officer and up to six months for our other named executive officers.

                    The Amended and Restated Executiveofficers equal to the monthly contribution we would have made to provide health insurance to the named executive officer if he or she had remained employed by us. Pursuant to the CEO Severance Plan, our Chief Executive Officer is also provides thatentitled to such benefits upon a resignation of employment for “good reason” (as defined in the CEO Severance Plan) outside of the change in control period. In addition, upon a (i) termination of employment by us other than due to cause, death or disability or (ii) a resignation of employment for "good reason"“good reason”, in each case, outside of the change in control period, our Chief Executive Officer will be entitled to 12 months of acceleration of vesting for outstanding and unvested time-based equity awards.

            The Executive Severance Plans also provide that upon a (i) termination of employment by us other than due to cause, death or disability or (ii) a resignation of employment for “good reason” (as defined in the Amended and Restated Executive Severance PlanPlans except that for our Chief Operating Officer, "good reason"“good reason” will be as defined in his employment offer letter), in each case, within the change in control period, an eligible participant will be entitled to receive, in lieu of the payments and benefits above and subject to the execution and delivery of an effective release of claims in our favor, of the Company, (1) a lump sum cash payment equal to 18 months of base salary for our Chief Executive Officer and 12 months of base salary for our other named executive officers, (2) a monthly cash payment equal to our contribution towards COBRA health insurance for up to 18 months for our Chief Executive Officer and up to 12 months for our other named executive officers equal to the monthly contribution we would have made to provide health insurance to the named executive officer if he or she had remained employed by us, and (3) full accelerated vesting of all outstanding and unvested equity awards held by our named executive officers; provided, that the performance conditions applicable to any stock-based awards subject to performance conditions will be deemed satisfied at the target level specified in the terms of the applicable award agreement.


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            The payments and benefits provided under the Amended and Restated Executive Severance PlanPlans in connection with a change in control may not be eligible for a federal income tax deduction by us pursuant to Section 280G of the Code. These payments and benefits may also subject an eligible participant, including the named executive officers, to an excise tax under Section 4999 of the Code. If the payments or benefits payable to an eligible participant in connection with a change in control would be subject to the excise tax imposed under Section 4999 of the Code, then those payments or benefits will be reduced if such reduction would result in a higher netafter-tax benefit to him or her.

              Other Change in Control and Severance Arrangements

                    In addition to participation in the Amended and Restated Executive Severance Plan, Mr. Hu's equity awards are also subject to certain acceleration of vesting provisions, as described in "Employment Agreements or Offer Letters with Named Executive Officers—George Hu" above.

            The following table presents information concerning estimated payments and benefits that would be provided in the circumstances described above for each of the named executive officers serving as of the end of the fiscal year ending December 31, 2017.2019. The payments and benefits set forth below are estimated assuming that the termination or change in control event occurred on the last business day of our fiscal year ending December 31, 2017.2019 using the closing market price of our stock on that date. Actual payments and benefits could be different if such events were to occur on any other date or at any other price or if any other assumptions are used to estimate potential payments and benefits.

             
             Qualifying Termination Not in Connection
            with a Change in Control(1)
             Qualifying Termination in Connection
            with a Change in Control(2)
             
            Name
             Cash
            Severance
            ($)
             Continued
            Benefits
            ($)
             Equity
            Acceleration
            ($)(3)
             Total
            ($)
             Cash
            Severance
            ($)
             Continued
            Benefits
            ($)
             Equity
            Acceleration
            ($)(3)(4)
             Total
            ($)
             

            Jeff Lawson

              100,275(5) 14,090(6)   114,365  200,550(7) 28,179(8) 7,255,704  7,484,433 

            Lee Kirkpatrick

              250,000(9) 7,574(10)   257,574  500,000(11) 15,148(12) 3,339,664  3,854,812 

            George Hu(14)

              300,000(9) 9,393(10) 1,180,000(13) 1,489,393  600,000(11) 18,786(12) 2,360,000  2,978,786 

            Karyn Smith

              200,000(9) 5,609(10)   205,609  400,000(11) 11,217(12) 2,411,941  2,823,158 

            (1)
            A "qualifying termination" means a termination other than due to cause, death or disability and "not in connection with a change in control" means outside of the change in control period.

            (2)
            A "qualifying termination" means a termination other than due to cause, death or disability or a resignation for good reason and "in connection with a change in control" means within the change in control period.

            (3)
              Qualifying Termination Not in Connection
            with a Change in Control(1)
              Qualifying Termination in Connection
            with a Change in Control(2)
             

            Name

             Cash
            Severance
            ($)
              Continued
            Benefits
            ($)
              Equity
            Acceleration
            ($)(3)
              Total
            ($)
              Cash
            Severance
            ($)
              Continued
            Benefits
            ($)
              Equity
            Acceleration
            ($)(3)(4)
              Total
            ($)
             

            Jeff Lawson

              100,275(5)   13,881(6)   14,218,847(7)   14,333,003   200,550(8)   27,761(9)   25,142,939   25,371,250 

            Khozema Shipchandler

              283,500(10)   660(11)      284,160   567,000(12)   1,320(13)   10,699,100   11,267,420 

            George Hu

              305,000(10)   9,254(11)      314,254   610,000(12)   18,508(13)   43,726,749   44,355,257 

            Chee Chew

              210,000(10)   9,254(11)     219,254   420,000(12)   18,508(13)   7,981,614   8,420,122 

            Karyn Smith

              232,000(10)   5,178(11)     237,178   464,000(12)   10,355(13)   7,358,959   7,833,314 

            (1)

            A “qualifying termination” means a termination other than due to cause, death or disability (or a resignation for good reason, for Mr. Lawson) and “not in connection with a change in control” means outside of the change in control period.

            (2)

            A “qualifying termination” means a termination other than due to cause, death or disability or a resignation for good reason and “in connection with a change in control” means within the change in control period. Assumes that in connection with the change in control, outstanding equity awards are assumed, substituted or continued by the successor entity.

            (3)

            Represents the market value of the shares underlying the stock options and RSUs as of December 31, 2019, based on the closing price of our Class A common stock, as reported on The New York Stock Exchange, of $98.28 per share on December 31, 2019. These values assume that the fair market value of the Class B common stock underlying certain of the stock options and RSUs, which is not listed or approved for trading on or with any securities exchange or association, is equal to the fair market value of our Class A common stock. Each share of Class B common stock is convertible into one share of Class A common stock at any time at the option of the holder or upon certain transfers of such shares.

            (4)

            Represents acceleration of vesting of 100% of the total number of shares underlying outstanding and unvested stock options and RSUs. For equity awards subject to performance conditions, the performance conditions have been deemed satisfied at target levels.

            (5)

            Represents nine months of our Chief Executive Officer’s annual base salary.

            (6)

            Represents nine months of our contribution towards health insurance, based on our actual costs to provide health insurance to our Chief Executive Officer immediately prior to termination.

            (7)

            Represents 12 months of accelerated vesting for outstanding and unvested time-based equity awards.

            (8)

            Represents 18 months of our Chief Executive Officer’s annual base salary.

            (9)

            Represents 18 months of our contribution towards health insurance, based on our actual costs to provide health insurance to our Chief Executive Officer immediately prior to termination.

            (10)

            Represents six months of the applicable named executive officer’s annual base salary.

            (11)

            Represents six months of our contribution toward health insurance, based on our actual costs to provide health insurance to the applicable named executive officer immediately prior to termination.

            (12)

            Represents 12 months of the applicable named executive officer’s annual base salary.

            (13)

            Represents 12 months of our contribution towards health insurance, based on our actual costs to provide health insurance to the applicable named executive officer immediately prior to termination.

            CEO Pay Ratio

            Pursuant to SEC rules, we are required to provide information regarding the relationship between the annual total compensation of our Chief Executive Officer, and the median of the annual total compensation of all of our employees (other than our Chief Executive Officer) for the year ended December 31, 2019:

            the annual total compensation of our median employee was $191,956; and

            the annual total compensation of our Chief Executive Officer was $12,292,577, as reported in the “Total Compensation” column in the “Summary Compensation Table” included in this proxy statement.

            Based on this information, for 2019, the ratio of the annual total compensation of our CEO to the median of the annual total compensation of all our employees was 64:1. We believe this ratio is a reasonable estimate calculated in a manner consistent with Item 402(u) of RegulationS-K under the Exchange Act.

            As a result of the increase in our number of employees from 1,440 employees as of December 31, 2017, based on2018 to 2,905 employees as of December 31, 2019, we elected to identify a new median employee as of December 31, 2019. In doing so, we used the closing pricesame methodology we employed to identify the median employee as of our Class A common stock,December 31, 2018. Specifically, as reported on The New York Stock Exchange, of $23.60 on December 29, 2017 (the last trading day of 2017). These values assume that the fair market value of the Class B common stock underlying certain of the stock options and RSUs, which is not listed or approved for trading on or with any securities exchange or association, is equal to the fair market value of our Class A common stock. Each share of Class B common stock is convertible into one share of Class A common stock at any time at the option of the holder or upon certain transfers of such shares.

            (4)
            Represents acceleration of vesting of 100% of thepermitted by SEC rules, we reviewed total number of shares underlying outstanding and unvested stock options and RSUs. Because the per share exercise price of certain stock options granted in 2017 was greater than the fair market value of a share of our Class A common stock on December 29, 2017 ($23.60) (the last trading day of 2017), no amounts have been included with respect to such stock options.

            (5)
            Represents nine months of our Chief Executive Officer's annual base salary.

            (6)
            Represents nine months of our contribution towards COBRA health insurance,direct compensation based on our consistently applied compensation measure, which we calculated as actual costssalary paid to provide health insuranceour employees for 2019, actual sales commission earned by our employees in 2019, and the grant date fair value of equity awards granted to our employees in 2019.We used December 31, 2019 to determine our employee population. In determining this population, we included all worldwide full-time and part-time employees other than our Chief Executive Officer immediately priorand excluded (i) approximately 49 individuals that became employees following acquisition transactions with Teravoz Holding LLC and Electric Imp Incorporated that were completed in late fiscal 2019 and (ii) contractors or workers employed through a third-party provider in our employee population. For employees paid in other than U.S. dollars, we converted their compensation to termination.

            (7)
            Represents 18 months of our Chief Executive Officer's annual base salary.

            (8)
            Represents 18 months of our contribution towards COBRA health insurance, basedU.S. dollars using the exchange rates used by us for various purposes in effect on our actual costs to provide health insurance to our Chief Executive Officer immediately prior to termination.

            (9)
            Represents six months of the applicable named executive officer's annual base salary.

            (10)
            Represents six months of our contribution towards COBRA health insurance, based on our actual costs to provide health insurance to the applicable named executive officer immediately prior to termination.

            Table of Contents

            (11)
            Represents 12 months of the applicable named executive officer's annual base salary.

            (12)
            Represents 12 months of our contribution towards COBRA health insurance, based on our actual costs to provide health insurance to the applicable named executive officer immediately prior to termination.

            (13)
            Assumes the occurrence of a Termination Event in accordance with Mr. Hu's employment offer letter and represents acceleration of vesting as of December 31, 2017 of the following: (i) 50% of the total number of shares underlying Mr. Hu's time-based stock options2019 and time-based RSUs outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and (ii) 100% of one of Mr. Hu's three performance-based stock options, since Mr. Hu was within a certain percentage of attaining the applicable performance condition for such stock option as of the end of the quarter in which such termination occurs. Because the per share exercise price of Mr. Hu's time-based and performance-based stock options was greater than the fair market value of a share of our Class A common stock as of December 29, 2017 ($23.60) (the last trading day of 2017), no amount has been included with respectdid not make anycost-of-living adjustments to such stock options.

            (14)
            Pursuant to Mr. Hu's employment offer letter, in the event of a "Sale Event" (as such term is defined in the 2016 Plan) while Mr. Hu is stillcompensation. We did not annualize total direct compensation for employees employed by us the performance conditions under his performance-based stock options will be deemed met with respect to any outstanding performance-based stock options and will result in acceleration of vesting of 50% of the underlying shares, with the remaining 50% of the shares subject to time-based vesting in 24 equal monthly installments thereafter, subject to Mr. Hu's continued employment with the Company or its successor through each applicable vesting date. Because the per share exercise price of Mr. Hu's performance-based stock options was greaterfor less than the fair market value offull fiscal year. Using our consistently applied compensation measure, we identified a share ofmedian employee who is a full-time U.S.-based salaried employee.

            Once we selected the individual who represented the median employee, we then calculated the annual total compensation for this employee using the same methodology we used for our common stock on December 29, 2017 ($23.60) (the last trading day of 2017), assumingnamed executive officers in our 2019 Summary Compensation Table to yield the occurrence of a "Sale Event" (as such term is defined in the 2016 Plan), the value of the acceleration of vesting of 50% of the shares subject to such performance-based stock option would have been $0 as of December 31, 2017.

              median annual total compensation disclosed above.

              COMPENSATION COMMITTEE REPORT

            Our compensation committee has reviewed and discussed the section titled "Compensation“Compensation Discussion and Analysis"Analysis” with management. Based on such review and discussion, our compensation committee has recommended to the board of directors that the section titled "Compensation“Compensation Discussion and Analysis"Analysis” be included in this proxy statement.

            Respectfully submitted by the members of our compensation committee of the board of directors:

              Compensation Committee

              Elena Donio (Chair)
              James McGeever
              Erika Rottenberg

            Richard Dalzell

            Jeffrey Immelt


            Table of Contents


            EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION

            On February 1, 2019, in connection with our acquisition of SendGrid, we assumed the shares reserved and available for issuance under SendGrid’s Amended and Restated 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (the “SendGrid 2009 Plan”), 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (as amended, the “SendGrid 2012 Plan”) and 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the “SendGrid 2017 Plan”), and such shares became available for issuance under our 2016 Plan. The following table provides information as of December 31, 20172019 with respect to the shares of our common stock that may be issued under our existing equity compensation plans.

            Plan Category

              

            (a) Number of
            Securities to be Issued
            Upon Exercise of
            Outstanding Options,
            Warrants and Rights

               (b) Weighted
            Average
            Exercise Price
            of Outstanding
            Options,
            Warrants and
            Rights
               (c) Number of
            Securities Remaining
            Available for Future
            Issuance Under
            Equity Compensation
            Plans (Excluding
            Securities Reflected
            in Column (a))
             

            Equity compensation plans approved by stockholders(1)

               14,074,200             $32.5779(2)        18,806,687(3)   

            Equity compensation plans not approved by stockholders(4)

               2,109,667          16.9086        —       
              

             

             

               

             

             

               

             

             

             

            Total

                     16,183,867             $28.9986              18,806,687       
              

             

             

               

             

             

               

             

             

             

            (1)

            Includes the following plans: our 2008 Plan, 2016 Plan, and our ESPP.

            (2)

            Excludes shares that may be issued under RSUs as of December 31, 2019 since such shares subject to RSU awards have no exercise price.

            (3)

            As of December 31, 2019, a total of 14,957,734 shares of our Class A common stock were reserved for issuance pursuant to the 2016 Plan, which number excludes the 6,920,640 shares that were added to the 2016 Plan as a result of the automatic annual increase on January 1, 2020. The 2016 Plan provides that the number of shares reserved and available for issuance under the 2016 Plan will automatically increase each January 1, beginning on January 1, 2017, by 5% of the outstanding number of shares of our Class A and Class B common stock on the immediately preceding December 31 or such lesser number of shares as determined by our compensation committee. This number will be subject to adjustment in the event of a stock split, stock dividend or other change in our capitalization. The shares of Class A and Class B common stock underlying any awards that are forfeited, cancelled, held back upon exercise or settlement of an award to satisfy the exercise price or tax withholding, reacquired by us prior to vesting, satisfied without the issuance of stock, expire or are otherwise terminated, other than by exercise, under the 2016 Plan and the 2008 Plan will be added back to the shares of Class A common stock available for issuance under the 2016 Plan (provided, that any such shares of Class B common stock will first be converted into shares of Class A common stock). The Company no longer makes grants under the 2008 Plan. As of December 31, 2019, a total of 3,848,953 shares of our Class A common stock were available for future issuance pursuant to the ESPP, which number includes shares subject to purchase during the current purchase period, which commenced on November 16, 2019 (the exact number of which will not be known until the purchase date on May 15, 2020) but excludes the 1,384,128 shares that were added to the ESPP as a result of the automatic annual increase on January 1, 2020. Subject to the number of shares remaining in the share reserve, the maximum number of shares purchasable by any participant on any one purchase date for any purchase period, including the current purchase period may not exceed 5,000 shares. The ESPP provides that the number of shares reserved and available for issuance under the ESPP will automatically increase each January 1, beginning on January 1, 2017, by the lesser of 1,800,000 shares of our Class A common stock, 1% of the outstanding number of shares of our Class A and Class B common stock on the immediately preceding December 31 or such lesser number of shares as determined by our compensation committee. This number will be subject to adjustment in the event of a stock split, stock dividend or other change in our capitalization.

            (4)

            Includes the shares reserved and available for issuance under the SendGrid 2009 Plan, the SendGrid 2012 Plan and the SendGrid 2017 Plan that we assumed, which were approved by the stockholders of SendGrid, Inc., but not by a separate vote of our stockholders. Such shares became available for issuance under our 2016 Plan, but awards using such shares may not be granted to individuals who were employed, immediately prior to the acquisition, by us or our subsidiaries. In connection with our acquisition of SendGrid, Inc., we also assumed outstanding SendGrid, Inc. options and restricted stock units. As of December 31, 2019, there were 1,760,244 shares issuable under such outstanding stock options (with a weighted-average exercise price of $16.9086) and 349,423 such outstanding restricted stock units.

            Plan Category
             (a) Number of
            Securities to be Issued
            Upon Exercise of
            Outstanding Options,
            Warrants and Rights
             (b) Weighted
            Average
            Exercise Price
            of Outstanding
            Options,
            Warrants and
            Rights
             (c) Number of
            Securities Remaining
            Available for Future
            Issuance Under
            Equity Compensation
            Plans (Excluding
            Securities Reflected
            in Column (a))
             

            Equity compensation plans approved by stockholders(1)

              10,710,427(2)$11.4167(3) 12,678,532(4)

            Equity compensation plans not approved by stockholders

                   

            Total

              10,710,427 $11.4167  12,678,532 

            (1)
            Includes the following plans: our 2008 Plan, 2016 Plan, and our ESPP.

            (2)
            Excludes 5,665,459 shares that may be issued under RSUs as of December 31, 2017.

            (3)
            Excludes 5,665,459 shares that may be issued under RSUs as of December 31, 2017 since such shares subject to RSU awards have no exercise price.

            (4)
            As of December 31, 2017, a total of 15,862,427 shares of our Class A common stock were reserved for issuance pursuant to the 2016 Plan, which number excludes the 4,698,490 shares that were added to the 2016 Plan as a result of the automatic annual increase on January 1, 2018. The 2016 Plan provides that the number of shares reserved and available for issuance under the 2016 Plan will automatically increase each January 1, beginning on January 1, 2017, by 5% of the outstanding number of shares of our Class A and Class B common stock on the immediately preceding December 31 or such lesser number of shares as determined by our compensation committee. This number will be subject to adjustment in the event of a stock split, stock dividend or other change in our capitalization. The shares of Class A and Class B common stock underlying any awards that are forfeited, cancelled, held back upon exercise or settlement of an award to satisfy the exercise price or tax withholding, reacquired by us prior to vesting, satisfied without the issuance of stock, expire or are otherwise terminated, other than by exercise, under the 2016 Plan and the 2008 Plan will be added back to the shares of Class A common stock available for issuance under the 2016 Plan (provided, that any such shares of Class B common stock will first be converted into shares of Class A common stock). The Company no longer makes grants under the 2008 Plan. As of December 31, 2017, a total of 2,478,343 shares of our Class A common stock were available for future issuance pursuant to the ESPP, which number includes shares subject to purchase during the current purchase period, which commenced on November 16, 2017 (the exact number of which will not be known until the purchase date on May 15, 2018) but excludes the 939,698 shares that were added to the ESPP as a result of the automatic annual increase on January 1, 2018. Subject to the number of shares remaining in the share reserve, the maximum number of shares purchasable by any participant on any one purchase date for any purchase period, including the current purchase period may not exceed 5,000 shares. The ESPP provides that the number of shares reserved and available for issuance under the ESPP will automatically increase each January 1, beginning on January 1, 2017, by the lesser of 1,800,000 shares of our Class A common stock, 1% of the outstanding number of shares of our Class A and Class B common stock on the immediately preceding December 31 or such lesser number of shares as determined by our compensation committee. This number will be subject to adjustment in the event of a stock split, stock dividend or other change in our capitalization.

            Table of Contents


            SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT

            The following table sets forth certain information available to us with respect to the beneficial ownership of our capital stock as of March 31, 2018,2020, for:

            We have determined beneficial ownership in accordance with the rules of the SEC, and thus it represents sole or shared voting or investment power with respect to our securities. Unless otherwise indicated below, to our knowledge, the persons and entities named in the table have sole voting and sole investment power with respect to all shares that they beneficially owned, subject to community property laws where applicable.

            We have based our calculation of percentage ownership of our common stock on 71,748,415128,606,443 shares of our Class A common stock and 23,943,25311,356,940 shares of our Class B common stock outstanding on March 31, 2018.2020. We have deemed shares of our capital stock subject to stock options that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 20182020 to be outstanding and to be beneficially owned by the person holding the stock option for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of that person. We have deemed shares of our capital stock subject to RSUs for which the service condition has been satisfied or would be satisfied within 60 days of March 31, 20182020 to be outstanding and to be beneficially owned by the person holding the RSUs for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of that person. However, we did not deem these shares subject to stock options or RSUs outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person.


            Table of Contents

            Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each beneficial owner listed in the table below is c/o Twilio Inc., 375 Beale101 Spear Street, Suite 300,First Floor, San Francisco, California 94105.

              Shares Beneficially Owned 
              Class A  Class B       

            Name of Beneficial Owner

             Shares  %  Shares  %  Voting %  Ownership % 

            Named Executive Officers and Directors:

                  

            Jeff Lawson(1)

              307,566   *   7,049,441   60.4   28.8   5.2 

            Khozema Shipchandler(2)

              66,930   *         *   * 

            George Hu(3)

              1,045,145   *         *   * 

            Chee Chew(4)

              99,902   *         *   * 

            Karyn Smith(5)

              22,521   *   24,149   *   *   * 

            Richard Dalzell(6)

              9,900   *   116,000   1.0   *   * 

            Byron Deeter(7)

              519,900   *         *   * 

            Elena Donio(8)

              8,458   *   18,752   *   *   * 

            Jeff Epstein(9)

              26,484   *         *   * 

            Donna L. Dubinsky

                              

            Jeffrey Immelt(10)

              8,500   *         *   * 

            Erika Rottenberg(11)

              10,342   *   20,279   *   *   * 

            All executive officers and directors as a group (12 persons)(12):

              2,125,648   1.6   7,228,621   61.2   30.0   6.6 

            5% Stockholders:

                  

            Vanguard Group(13)

              11,341,295   8.8         4.7   8.1 

            T. Rowe Price(14)

              10,938,793   8.5         4.5   7.8 

            Morgan Stanley(15)

              8,119,827   6.3         3.4   5.8 

            BlackRock(16)

              7,324,059   5.7         3.0   5.2 

            Amazon.com NV Investment Holdings LLC(17)

                    1,768,346   15.6   7.3   1.3 

            John Wolthuis(18)

                    1,538,474   13.6   6.4   1.1 

            *

            Represents beneficial ownership of less than one percent (1%) of the outstanding shares.

            Percentage of total voting power represents voting power with respect to all shares of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock, as a single class. The holders of our Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share, and holders of our Class B common stock are entitled to ten votes per share.

            (1)

            Consists of (i) 44,657 shares of Class A common stock held of record by Mr. Lawson, as trustee of the Lawson Revocable Trust, (ii) 5,699,569 shares of Class B common stock held of record by Mr. Lawson, as trustee of the Lawson Revocable Trust, (iii) 1,033,205 shares of Class B common stock held of record by The Lawson 2014 Irrevocable Trust, J.P. Morgan Trust Company, as trustee, (iv) 251,092 shares of Class A common stock subject to outstanding options that are exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2020, (v) 316,667 shares of Class B common stock subject to outstanding options that are exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2020 and (vi) 11,817 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the settlement of RSUs releasable within 60 days of March 31, 2020.

            (2)

            Consists of (i) 60,000 shares of Class A common stock subject to outstanding options that are exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2020 and (ii) 6,930 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the settlement of RSUs releasable within 60 days of March 31, 2020.

            (3)

            Consists of (i) 6,648 shares of Class A common stock held of record by Mr. Hu, (ii) 1,023,227 shares of Class A common stock subject to outstanding options that are exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2020 and (iii) 15,270 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the settlement of RSUs releasable within 60 days of March 31, 2020.

            (4)

            Consists of (i) 14,473 shares of Class A common stock held of record by Mr. Chew, (ii) 80,354 shares of Class A common stock subject to outstanding options that are exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2020 and (iii) 5,075 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the settlement of RSUs releasable within 60 days of March 31, 2020.

            (5)

            Consists of (i) 6,073 shares of Class A common stock held of record by Ms. Smith, as trustee of The Karyn Smith Revocable Trust u/a/d 9/15/06, amended 12/23/11, (ii) 1,172 shares of Class B common stock held of record by Ms. Smith, as trustee of The Karyn Smith Revocable Trust u/a/d 9/15/06, amended 12/23/11, (iii) 12,561 shares of Class A common stock subject to outstanding options that are exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2020, (iv) 22,977 shares of Class B common stock subject to options that are exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2020 and (v) 3,887 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the settlement of RSUs releasable within 60 days of March 31, 2020.

            (6)

            Consists of (i) 9,900 shares of Class A common stock held of record by Mr. Dalzell and (ii) 116,000 shares of Class B common stock subject to outstanding options that are exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2020.

            (7)

            Consists of (i) 12,640 shares of Class A common stock held of record by Mr. Deeter and (ii) 507,260 shares of Class A Common stock held of record by Byron B. Deeter and Allison K. Deeter Trustees TD July 28, 2000.

            (8)

            Consists of (i) 8,458 shares of Class A common stock held of record by Ms. Donio and (ii) 18,752 shares of Class B common stock held of record by Ms. Donio.

            (9)

            Consists of 26,484 shares of Class A common stock held of record by Mr. Epstein, as Trustee of the Epstein Family Revocable Trust.

            (10)

            Consists of 8,500 shares of Class A common stock held of record by Mr. Immelt.

            (11)

            Consists of (i) 10,342 shares of Class A common stock held of record by Ms. Rottenberg, as trustee of the Erika Rottenberg Revocable Trust and (ii) 20,279 shares of Class B common stock held of record by Ms. Rottenberg, as trustee of the Erika Rottenberg Revocable Trust.

            (12)

            Consists of (i) 655,435 shares of Class A common stock held of record, (ii) 6,772,977 shares of Class B common stock held of record, (iii) 1,427,234 shares of Class A common stock subject to outstanding stock options that are exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2020, (iv) 455,644 shares of Class B common stock subject to outstanding stock options that are exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2020 and (v) 42,979 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the settlement of RSUs releasable within 60 days of March 31, 2020.

            (13)

            Based on information reported by the Vanguard Group on Schedule 13G/A filed with the SEC on February 12, 2020. Of the shares of Class A common stock beneficially owned, The Vanguard Group reported that it has sole dispositive power with respect to 11,225,813 shares, shared dispositive power with respect to 115,482 shares, sole voting power with respect to 97,411 shares and shared voting power with respect to 30,364 shares. The Vanguard Group listed their address as 100 Vanguard Blvd., Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355.

            (14)

            Based on information reported by T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. and T. Rowe Price New Horizons Fund, Inc. on Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on February 14, 2020. Of the shares of Class A common stock beneficially owned, T. Rowe Price Associates reported that it has sole dispositive power with respect to 10,938,793 shares and sole voting power with respect to 2,894,328 shares and T. Rowe Price New Horizons Fund, Inc. reported that it has sole voting power with respect to 6,325,177 shares. T. Rowe Price Associates Inc. and T. Rowe Price New Horizons Fund, Inc. listed their address as 100 E. Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202.

            (15)

            Based on information reported by Morgan Stanley and Morgan Stanley Investment Management Inc. on Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on February 13, 2020. Of the shares of Class A common stock

            beneficially owned, Morgan Stanley reported that it has shared dispositive power with respect to

            8,119,827 shares and shared voting power with respect to 7,546,856 shares. Morgan Stanley and Morgan Stanley Investment Management Inc. listed their address as 1585 Broadway, New York, NY 10036.

            (16)

            Based on information reported by BlackRock, Inc. on Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on February 10, 2020. Of the shares of Class A common stock beneficially owned, Blackrock, Inc. reported that it has sole dispositive power with respect to 7,324,059 shares and sole voting power with respect to 6,408,509. BlackRock, Inc. listed its address as 55 East 52nd Street, New York, NY 10055.

            (17)

            Based on shares held of record by Amazon.com NV Investment Holdings LLC (“Amazon NV”) as of March 31, 2020 and registered with our transfer agent. Amazon NV’s address is listed as 410 Terry Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109.

            (18)

            Consists of 1,538,474 shares of Class B common stock held of record by Mr. Wolthuis.

             
             Shares Beneficially Owned 
             
             Class A Class B  
              
             
             
             Voting %  
             
            Name of Beneficial Owner
             Shares % Shares % Ownership % 

            Named Executive Officers and Directors:

                               

            Jeff Lawson(1)

              194,450  *  7,506,069  30.9  23.9  8.0 

            Lee Kirkpatrick(2)

              145,633  *  500,603  2.0  1.6  * 

            George Hu(3)

              284,786  *      *  * 

            Karyn Smith(4)

              29,813  *  211,062  *  *  * 

            Richard Dalzell(5)

                  120,000  *  *  * 

            Byron Deeter(6)

              230,142  *  9,253,955  38.6  29.8  9.9 

            Elena Donio(7)

                  22,262  *  *  * 

            Jeff Epstein(8)

              13,486  *      *  * 

            James McGeever(9)

              10,000  *  412,883  1.7  1.3  * 

            Erika Rottenberg(10)

                  15,163  *  *  * 

            All executive officers and directors as a group (10 persons)(11):

              908,310  1.3  18,041,997  71.9  56.1  19.5 

            5% Stockholders:

                               

            Bessemer Venture Partners and Related Entities(12)

                  9,253,955  38.6  29.7  9.7 

            Entities affiliated with Fidelity(13)

              6,477,055  9.0      2.1  6.8 

            The Vanguard Group(14)

              5,445,927  7.6      1.8  5.7 

            BlackRock, Inc.(15)

              4,091,535  5.7      1.3  4.3 

            The Bank of New York Mellon(16)

              3,900,747  5.4      1.3  4.1 

            John Wolthuis(17)

                  2,238,474  9.3  7.2  2.3 

            *
            Represents beneficial ownership of less than one percent (1%) of the outstanding shares.

            Percentage of total voting power represents voting power with respect to all shares of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock, as a single class. The holders of our Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share, and holders of our Class B common stock are entitled to ten votes per share.

            (1)
            Consists of (i) 115,281 shares of Class A common stock held of record by Mr. Lawson, as trustee of the Lawson Revocable Trust, (ii) 6,113,993 shares of Class B common stock held of record by Mr. Lawson, as trustee of the Lawson Revocable Trust, (iii) 323,170 shares of Class B common stock held of record by The Lawson 2014 Irrevocable Trust, J.P. Morgan Trust Company, as trustee, (iv) 740,364 shares of Class B common stock held of record by Mr. Lawson, as trustee of the Lawson 2014 GRAT, (v) 67,353 shares of Class A common stock subject to outstanding options that are exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2018, (vi) 316,667 shares of Class B common stock subject to outstanding options that are exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2018, (vii) 11,816 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the settlement of RSUs releasable within 60 days of March 31, 2018 and (viii)11,875 shares of Class B common stock issuable upon the settlement of RSUs releasable within 60 days of March 31, 2018.

            (2)
            Consists of (i) 110,785 shares of Class A common stock held of record by Mr. Kirkpatrick as Trustee of the Kirkpatrick Family Trust, (ii) 31,685 shares of Class A common stock subject to outstanding options that are exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2018, (iii) 500,603 shares of Class B common stock subject to outstanding options that are exercisable within 60 days of

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            (3)
            Consists of (i) 1,004 shares of Class A common stock held of record by Mr. Hu, (ii) 268,513 shares of Class A common stock subject to outstanding options that are exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2018, (iii) 15,269 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the settlement of RSUs releasable within 60 days of March 31, 2018.

            (4)
            Consists of (i) 2,412 shares of Class A common stock held of record by Ms. Smith, (ii) 1,172 shares of Class B common stock held of record by Ms. Smith, as trustee of The Karyn Smith Revocable Trust u/a/d 9/15/06, amended 12/23/11, (iii) 23,514 shares of Class A common stock subject to outstanding options that are exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2018, (iv) 208,011 shares of Class B common stock subject to outstanding options that are exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2018, (v) 3,887 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the settlement of RSUs releasable within 60 days of March 31, 2018 and (vi) 1,879 shares of Class B common stock issuable upon the settlement of RSUs releasable within 60 days of March 31, 2018.

            (5)
            Consists of 120,000 shares of Class B common stock subject to outstanding options that are exercisable by Mr. Dalzell within 60 days of March 31, 2018.

            (6)
            Consists of (i) 230,142 shares of Class A common stock held by Byron B. Deeter and Allison K. Deeter Trustees UTD July 28, 2000 and (ii) shares held by the BVP entities identified in footnote 12. Byron B. Deeter, one of our directors, Robert P. Goodman, Jeremy S. Levine, J. Edmund Colloton, David J. Cowan and Robert M. Stavis are the directors of Deer VII & Co. Ltd. ("Deer VII Ltd.") and hold the voting and dispositive power for the BVP Entities identified in footnote 12. Investment and voting decisions with respect to the shares held by the BVP entities are made by the directors of Deer VII Ltd. acting as an investment committee. Mr. Deeter, a member of our board of directors, disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares held by the BVP Entities except to the extent of his pecuniary interest in such shares.

            (7)
            Consists of (i) 19,772 shares of Class B common stock held of record by Ms. Donio and (ii) 2,490 shares of Class B common stock issuable upon the settlement of RSUs releasable within 60 days of March 31, 2018.

            (8)
            Consists of 13,486 shares of Class A common stock held of record by Mr. Epstein.

            (9)
            Consists of (i) 10,000 shares of Class A common stock held of record my Mr. McGeever, as trustee of the James and Linda McGeever Revocable Trust, (ii) 199,470 shares of Class B common stock held of record by Mr. McGeever and (ii) 213,413 shares of Class B common stock held of record by The James and Linda McGeever Revocable Trust.

            (10)
            Consists of (i) 12,978 shares of Class B common stock held of record by Ms. Rottenberg and (ii) 2,185 shares of Class B common stock issuable upon the settlement of RSUs releasable within 60 days of March 31, 2018.

            (11)
            Consists of: (i) 483,110 shares of Class A common stock held of record, (ii) 16,878,287 shares of Class B common stock held of record, (iii) 391,065 shares of Class A common stock subject to outstanding stock options that are exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2018, (iv) 1,145,281 shares of Class B common stock subject to outstanding stock options that are exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2018, (v) 34,135 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the settlement of RSUs releasable within 60 days of March 31, 2018 and (vi) 18,429 shares of Class B common stock issuable upon the settlement of RSUs releasable within 60 days of March 31, 2018.

            (12)
            Consists of (i) 1,270,372 shares of Class B common stock held of record by Bessemer Venture Partners VII Institutional L.P., (ii) 4,900,009 shares of Class B common stock held of record by BVP VII Special Opportunity Fund L.P., (iii) 2,903,707 shares of Class B common stock held of

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              record by Bessemer Venture Partners VII L.P. and (iv) 179,867 shares of Class B Common stock held of record by 15 Angels LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Bessemer Venture Partners VII Institutional L.P. (collectively, the "BVP Entities"). Each of Deer VII & Co. L.P. ("Deer VII L.P"), the general partner of the BVP Entities, and Deer VII & Co. Ltd. ("Deer VII Ltd."), the general partner of Deer VII L.P., has voting and dispositive power over the shares held by the BVP Entities. J. Edmund Colloton, David J. Cowan, Byron B. Deeter, Robert P. Goodman, Jeremy S. Levine and Robert M. Stavis are the directors of Deer VII Ltd. Investment and voting decisions with respect to the shares held by the BVP Entities are made by the directors of Deer VII Ltd. acting as an investment committee. The address for each of these entities is c/o Bessemer Venture Partners, 1865 Palmer Avenue, Suite 104, Larchmont, New York 10538.

            (13)
            Based on information reported by FMR LLC on Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on January 10, 2018. Of the shares of Class A common stock beneficially owned, FMR LLC reported that it has sole dispositive power with respect to 6,477,055 shares and sole voting power with respect to 121,110 shares. FMR LLC listed its address as 245 Summer Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02210.

            (14)
            Based on information reported by The Vanguard Group on Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on February 9, 2018. Of the shares of Class A common stock beneficially owned, The Vanguard Group reported that it has sole dispositive power with respect to 5,313,201 shares, shared dispositive power with respect to 132,726 shares, sole voting power with respect to 122,957 shares and shared voting power with respect to 14,600 shares. The Vanguard Group listed their address as 100 Vanguard Boulevard, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355.

            (15)
            Based on information reported by BlackRock, Inc. on Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on February 1, 2018. Of the shares of Class A common stock beneficially owned, BlackRock, Inc. reported that it has sole dispositive power with respect to 4,091,535 shares and sole voting power with respect to 3,969,655 shares. BlackRock, Inc. listed their address as 55 East 52nd Street, New York, New York 10055.

            (16)
            Based on information reported by The Bank of New York Mellon on Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on February 7, 2018. Of the shares of Class A common stock beneficially owned, The Bank of New York Mellon reported that it has sole dispositive power with respect to 3,870,047 shares, shared dispositive power with respect to 30,700 shares, sole voting power with respect to 3,697,977 shares and shared voting power with respect to 26,950 shares. The Bank of New York Mellon listed their address as 225 Liberty Street, New York, New York 10286.

            (17)
            Based on information reported by John Wolthuis on Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on February 12, 2018.

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            CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

            In addition to the compensation arrangements, including employment, termination of employment and change in control arrangements, discussed in the section titled "Executive Compensation"“Executive Compensation” the following is a description of each transaction since the beginning of our last fiscal year, and each currently proposed transaction in which:

              we have been or are to be a participant;

              the amount involved exceeded or exceeds $120,000; and

              any of our directors, executive officers, or holders of more than 5% of our capital stock, or any immediate family member of, or person sharing the household with, any of these individuals, had or will have a direct or indirect material interest.

            Investors'Investors’ Rights Agreement

            We are party to an investors'investors’ rights agreement which provides, among other things, that certain holders of our capital stock have the right to demand that we file a registration statement or request that their shares of our capital stock be covered by a registration statement that we are otherwise filing. The parties to the investors'investors’ rights agreement include entities affiliated with Jeff Lawson, and James McGeever, both our current directors,director, Evan Cooke, a former director, and entities affiliated with Fidelity, Bessemer Venture Partners, Redpoint Ventures and Union Square Ventures.

            Acquisition of SendGrid

            In February 2019, we acquired all outstanding shares of capital stock of SendGrid, the leading email API platform, by issuing 23.6 million shares of our Class A common stock with a total value of $2,658.9 million. Pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization, as amended, each outstanding share of SendGrid common stock converted into 0.485 of a share of our Class A common stock. At the time of the acquisition, Byron Deeter, a director of our Company and a partner of Bessemer Venture Partners (“BVP”), independently and through BVP and their respective related entities, was a securityholder of each of SendGrid and Twilio. Due to his then concurrent service as a director of each of SendGrid and Twilio, Mr. Deeter recused himself from all Twilio board deliberations and Sendgrid board deliberations with respect to the acquisition. Upon the closing of the acquisition on February 1, 2019, and after accounting for the acceleration of certain restricted stock units pursuant to the terms of Mr. Deeter’s equity award agreements with SendGrid, we issued a total of 21,348 shares of Class A common stock to Mr. Deeter and 3,079,413 shares of Class A common stock to affiliated funds of BVP, with an aggregate grant date fair value of approximately $2.4 million and $347.6 million, respectively.

            Other Transactions

            We have granted stock options and RSUs to our named executive officers and certain of our directors. See the section titled "Executive“Executive Compensation—Individual Compensation Arrangements—Long-Term Incentive Compensation" and "ExecutiveCompensation”, “Executive Compensation—Outstanding Equity Awards atYear-End Table" Table” and “Board of Directors and CorporateGovernance—Non-Employee Director Compensation” for a description of these stock options and RSUs.

            We have entered into severance and change in control arrangements with certain of our executive officers pursuant to employment offer letters and/or our severance plan that, among other things, provides for certain severance and change in control payments and benefits. See the sections titled "Executive“Executive Compensation—Post-Employment Compensation Arrangements"Arrangements” and "Executive“Executive Compensation—Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control."

            Other than as described above under this section titled "Certain“Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions," since January 1, 2017,2019, we have not entered into any transactions, nor are there any currently proposed transactions, between us and a related party where the amount involved exceeds, or would

            exceed, $120,000, and in which any related person had or will have a direct or indirect material interest. We believe the terms of the transactions described above were comparable to terms we could have obtained in arm's-lengtharm’s-length dealings with unrelated third parties.

            Indemnification of Officers and Directors

            Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation contains provisions that limit the liability of our directors for monetary damages to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. Consequently, our directors will not be personally liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages for any breach of fiduciary duties as directors, except liability for the following:

            any act or omission not in good faith or that involves intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;


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              unlawful payments of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases or redemptions as provided in Section 174 of the Delaware General Corporation Law; or

              any transaction from which they derived an improper personal benefit.

            Any amendment to, or repeal of, these provisions will not eliminate or reduce the effect of these provisions in respect of any act, omission or claim that occurred or arose prior to that amendment or repeal. If the Delaware General Corporation Law is amended to provide for further limitations on the personal liability of directors of corporations, then the personal liability of our directors will be further limited to the greatest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law.

            In addition, our amended and restated bylaws provide that we will indemnify, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any person who is or was a party or is threatened to be made a party to any action, suit or proceeding by reason of the fact that he or she is or was one of our directors or officers or is or was serving at our request as a director or officer of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise. Our amended and restated bylaws provide that we may indemnify our employees and agents to the extent not prohibited by the Delaware General Corporation Law or other applicable law. Our amended and restated bylaws also provide that we must advance expenses incurred by or on behalf of a director or officer in advance of the final disposition of any action or proceeding, subject to limited exceptions.

            Further, we have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers that may be broader than the specific indemnification provisions contained in the Delaware General Corporation Law. These indemnification agreements require us, among other things, to indemnify our directors and executive officers against liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service. These indemnification agreements also require us to advance all expenses incurred by the directors and executive officers in investigating or defending any such action, suit or proceeding. We believe that these agreements are necessary to attract and retain qualified individuals to serve as directors and executive officers.

            The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions that are included in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, amended and restated bylaws and in indemnification agreements that we have entered into with our directors and executive officers may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against our directors and executive officers for breach of their fiduciary duties. They may also reduce the likelihood of derivative litigation against our directors and executive officers, even though an action, if successful, might benefit us and other stockholders. Further, a stockholder'sstockholder’s investment may be adversely affected to the extent that we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and executive officers as required by these indemnification provisions.

            We have obtained insurance policies under which, subject to the limitations of the policies, coverage is provided to our directors and executive officers against loss arising from claims made by reason of breach of fiduciary duty or other wrongful acts as a director or executive officer, including claims relating to public securities matters, and to us with respect to payments that may be made by us to these directors and executive officers pursuant to our indemnification obligations or otherwise as a matter of law.

            Certain of ournon-employee directors may, through their relationships with their employers, be insured and/or indemnified against certain liabilities incurred in their capacity as members of our board of directors.

            Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling our Company pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.


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            Policies and Procedures for Related Party Transactions

            Our audit committee has the primary responsibility for reviewing and approving or disapproving "related“related party transactions," which are transactions between us and related persons in which the aggregate amount involved exceeds or may be expected to exceed $120,000 and in which a related person has or will have a direct or indirect material interest. Our policy regarding transactions between us and related persons will provide that a related person is defined as a director, executive officer, nominee for director or greater than 5% beneficial owner of our Class A and Class B common stock, in each case since the beginning of the most recently completed year, and any of their immediate family members. Our audit committee charter provides that our audit committee shall review and approve or disapprove any related party transactions.


            OTHER MATTERS

            Delinquent Section 16(A) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance16(a) Reports

            Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, requires that our executive officers and directors, and persons who own more than 10% of our common stock, file reports of ownership and changes of ownership with the SEC. Such directors, executive officers and 10% stockholders are required by SEC regulationregulations to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file.

            SEC regulations require us to identify in this proxy statement anyone who filed a required report late during the most recent year. Based on our review of forms we received, or written representations from reporting persons stating that they were not required to file these forms, we believe that during 2017,2019, all Section 16(a) filing requirements were satisfied on a timely basis.basis, except with respect to the failure to timely file a Form 4 for Karyn Smith (filed with the SEC on June 25, 2019).

            20172019 Annual Report and SEC Filings

            Our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 20172019 are included in our annual report on Form10-K, which we will make available to stockholders at the same time as this proxy statement. Our annual report and this proxy statement are posted on our website at https://investors.twilio.com and are available from the SEC at its website at www.sec.gov. You may also obtain a copy of our annual report without charge by sending a written request to Investor Relations, Twilio Inc., 375 Beale101 Spear Street, Suite 300,First Floor, San Francisco, California 94105.

            *                 *                 *

            The board of directors does not know of any other matters to be presented at the Annual Meeting. If any additional matters are properly presented at the Annual Meeting, the persons named in the enclosed proxy card will have discretion to vote shares they represent in accordance with their own judgment on such matters.

            It is important that your shares be represented at the Annual Meeting, regardless of the number of shares that you hold. You are, therefore, urged to vote by telephone or by using the Internet as instructed on the enclosed proxy card or execute and return, at your earliest convenience, the enclosed proxy card in the envelope that has also been provided.

            THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

            San Francisco, California

            April 22, 2020

            THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
            San Francisco, California
            April 27, 2018

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            APPENDIX A

            KEY BUSINESS METRICS ANDNON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURE INFORMATION

            Set forth below in this Appendix A is important information about how we measure Base Revenue, Active Customer Accounts, Base Revenue and other key business metrics as well as a reconciliation of ournon-GAAP to GAAP financial measures.

            Number of Active Customer Accounts

            We believe that the number of our Active Customer Accounts is an important indicator of the growth of our business, the market acceptance of our platform and future revenue trends. We define an Active Customer Account at the end of any period as an individual account, as identified by a unique account identifier, for which we have recognized at least $5 of revenue in the last month of the period. We believe that the use of our platform by our customers at or above the $5 per month threshold is a stronger indicator of potential future engagement than trial usage of our platform or usage at levels below $5 per month. A single organization may constitute multiple unique Active Customer Accounts if it has multiple account identifiers, each of which is treated as a separate Active Customer Account. Effective December 31, 2019, we round down the number of Active Customer Accounts to the nearest thousand.

            In the years ended December 31, 2017, 20162019, 2018, and 2015,2017, revenue from Active Customer Accounts represented over 99% of total revenue in each period.

            Base Revenue

                    We monitor Base Revenue as one of the more reliable indicators of future revenue trends. Base Revenue consists of all revenue other than revenue from large Active Customer Accounts that have never entered into12-month minimum revenue commitment contracts with us, which we refer to as Variable Customer Accounts. While almost all of our customer accounts exhibit some level of variability in the usage of our products, based on the experience of our experience,management, we believe that Variable Customer Accounts are more likely to have significant fluctuations in usage of our products from period to period, and therefore that revenue from Variable Customer Accounts may also fluctuate significantly from period to period. This behavior is best evidenced by the decision of such customers not to enter into contracts with us that contain minimum revenue commitments, even though they may spend significant amounts on the use of our products, and they may be foregoing more favorable terms often available to customers that enter into committed contracts with us. This variability adversely affectsWith the growth of our ability to rely uponbusiness in recent years, including through revenue contribution from the acquisition of Twilio SendGrid, revenue from Variable Customer Accounts when analyzing expected trends in futurehas become less meaningful as a percentage of total revenue. As a result, for reporting periods starting with the three months ending March 31, 2020, we will only disclose Total Revenue and will cease to disclose Base Revenue as an operating metric.

            For historical periods through March 31, 2016, we defined a Variable Customer Account as an Active Customer Account that (i) hadhas never signed a minimum revenue commitment contract with us for a term of at least 12 months and (ii) hadhas met or exceeded 1% of our revenue in any quarter in the periods presented through March 31, 2016. To allow for consistentperiod-to-period comparisons, in the event a customer account qualified as a Variable Customer Account as of March 31, 2016, or a previously Variable Customer Account ceased to be an Active Customer Account as of such date, we included such customer account as a Variable Customer Account in all periods presented. For reporting periods starting with the three months ended June 30, 2016, we define a Variable Customer Account as a customer account that (a) has been categorized as a Variable Customer Account in any prior quarter, as well as (b) any new customer account that (i) is with a customer that has never signed a minimum revenue commitment contract with us for a term of at least 12 months and (ii) meets or exceeds 1% of our revenue in a quarter. Once a customer account is deemed to be a Variable Customer Account in any period, it remainsthey remain a Variable Customer Account in subsequent periods unless such customer entersthey enter into a minimum revenue commitment contract with us for a term of at least 12 months.

            In the years ended December 31, 2017, 20162019, 2018 and 2015,2017, we had six eight and nine Variable Customer Accounts, which represented 8%7%11%9%, and 18% 8%, respectively, of our total revenue.


            TableDollar-Based Net Expansion Rate

            Our ability to drive growth and generate incremental revenue depends, in part, on our ability to maintain and grow our relationships with existing Active Customer Accounts and to increase their use of Contentsthe platform. An important way in which we have historically tracked performance in this area is by measuring the Dollar-Based Net Expansion Rate for Active Customer Accounts, other than Variable Customer Accounts. Our Dollar-Based Net Expansion Rate increases when such Active Customer Accounts increase their usage of a product, extend their usage of a product to new applications or adopt a new product. Our Dollar-Based Net Expansion Rate decreases when such Active Customer Accounts cease or reduce their usage of a product or when we lower usage prices on a product. As our customers grow their businesses and extend the use of our platform, they sometimes create multiple customer accounts with us for operational or other reasons. As such, for reporting periods starting with the three months ended December 31, 2016, when we identify a significant customer organization (defined as a single customer organization generating more than 1% of revenue in a quarterly reporting period) that has created a new Active Customer Account, this new Active Customer Account is tied to, and revenue from this new Active Customer Account is included with, the original Active Customer Account for the purposes of calculating this metric. We believe that measuring Dollar-Based Net Expansion Rate provides a more meaningful indication of the performance of our efforts to increase revenue from existing customers.

            For historical periods through December 31, 2019, our Dollar-Based Net Expansion Rate compares the revenue from Active Customer Accounts, other than Variable Customer Accounts, in a quarter to the same quarter in the prior year. For reporting periods starting with the three months ending March 31, 2020, Twilio’s Dollar-Based Net Expansion Rate will compare the revenue from all Active Customer Accounts, including Variable Customer Accounts, in a quarter to the same quarter in the prior year. To calculate the Dollar-Based Net Expansion Rate, we first identify the cohort of Active Customer Accounts (other than Variable Customer Accounts through December 31, 2019) that were Active Customer Accounts in the same quarter of the prior year. The Dollar-Based Net Expansion Rate is the quotient obtained by dividing the revenue generated from that cohort in a quarter, by the revenue generated from that same cohort in the corresponding quarter in the prior year. When we calculate Dollar-Based Net Expansion Rate for periods longer than one quarter, it uses the average of the applicable quarterly Dollar-Based Net Expansion Rates for each of the quarters in such period. Given that we will no longer disclose Base Revenue as an operating metric for reporting periods starting with the three months ending March 31, 2020, our Dollar-Based Net Expansion Rate will compare the revenue from all Active Customer Accounts, including Variable Customer Accounts, in a quarter to the same quarter in the prior year.

            Non-GAAP Financial Measures

            We use the followingnon-GAAP financial information, collectively, to evaluate our ongoing operations and for internal planning and forecasting purposes. We believe thatnon-GAAP financial information, when taken collectively, may be helpful to investors because it provides consistency and comparability with past financial performance, facilitatesperiod-to-period comparisons of results of operations, and assists in comparisons with other companies, many of which use similarnon-GAAP financial information to supplement their GAAP results.Non-GAAP financial information is presented for supplemental informational purposes only, and should not be considered a substitute for financial information presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and may be different from similarly-titled non-GAAPsimilarly-titlednon-GAAP measures used by other companies. Whenever we use anon-GAAP financial measure, a reconciliation is provided to the most closely applicable financial measure stated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Investors are encouraged to review the related

            GAAP financial measures and the reconciliation of thesenon-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures.

            For the periods presented, we definenon-GAAP loss (loss) income from operations andnon-GAAP operating margin as GAAP loss from operations and GAAP operating margin, respectively, adjusted to exclude, stock-based compensation, amortization of acquired intangibles, acquisition-relatedas applicable, certain expenses release of tax liability upon obligation settlement, charitable contribution, gain on lease termination and payroll taxes related to stock-based compensation.

             
             Year Ended December 31, 
             
             2017 2016 
             
             (in thousands)
             

            Reconciliation:

                   

            Loss from operations

             $(66,074)$(41,315)

            Non-GAAP adjustments:

                   

            Stock-based compensation

              49,619  24,225 

            Amortization of acquired intangibles

              5,620  880 

            Acquisition-related expenses

              310  499 

            Release of tax liability upon obligation settlement

              (13,365) (805)

            Charitable contribution

              1,172  3,860 

            Gain on lease termination

              (295)  

            Payroll taxes related to stock-based compensation

              2,950  434 

            Non-GAAP loss from operations

             $(20,063)$(12,222)

            Non-GAAP operating margin

              (5)% (4)%

             TWILIO INC. 375 BEALE STREET, SUITE 300 SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 94105 1234 ANYWHERE STREET ANY CITY, ON A1A 1A1 2345678 1234567 2345678 1234567 2345678 1234567 234567 VOTE BY INTERNET - www.proxyvote.com Use the Internet to transmit your voting instructions and for electronic delivery of information up until 11:59 P.M. Eastern Time the day before the cut-off date or meeting date. Have your proxy card in hand when you access the web site and follow the instructions to obtain your records and to create an electronic voting instruction form. ELECTRONIC DELIVERY OF FUTURE PROXY MATERIALS 1 OF 1 1 VOTE BY PHONE - 1-800-690-6903 Use any touch-tone telephone to transmit your voting instructions up until 11:59 P.M. Eastern Time the day before the cut-off date or meeting date. Have your proxy card in hand when you call and then follow the instructions. 2 Mark, sign and date your proxy card and return itas presented in the postage-paid envelope we have provided or return it to Vote Processing, c/o Broadridge, 51 Mercedes Way, Edgewood, NY 11717. NAME THE COMPANY NAME INC. - COMMON CONTROL # SHARES 123,456,789,012.12345 THE COMPANY NAME INC. - CLASS A123,456,789,012.12345 THE COMPANY NAME INC. - CLASS B123,456,789,012.12345 THE COMPANY NAME INC. - CLASS C123,456,789,012.12345 THE COMPANY NAME INC. - CLASS D123,456,789,012.12345 THE COMPANY NAME INC. - CLASS E123,456,789,012.12345 THE COMPANY NAME INC. - CLASS F123,456,789,012.12345 THE COMPA N Y NAME INC. - 401 K123,456,789,012.12345 x table below:

               Year Ended December 31, 
               2019  2018  2017  2016  2015 
               (In thousands) 

            Reconciliation:

                  

            Loss from operations

              $(369,785 $(115,235 $(66,074 $(41,315 $(35,393

            Non-GAAP adjustments:

                  

            Stock-based compensation

               264,318   93,273   49,619   24,225   8,877 

            Amortization of acquired intangibles

               72,807   7,170   5,620   880   464 

            Stock repurchase

                           1,965 

            Acquisition-related expenses

               15,713   4,481   310   499   1,165 

            Release of tax liability upon obligation settlement

                     (13,365  (805   

            Charitable contributions

                  7,121   1,172   3,860    

            Legal settlements/accruals

                  1,710          

            Gain on lease termination

                     (295      

            Payroll taxes related to stock-based compensation

               15,188   5,617   2,950   434    
              

             

             

              

             

             

              

             

             

              

             

             

              

             

             

             

            Non-GAAP (loss) income from operations

              $(1,759 $4,137  $(20,063 $(12,222 $(22,922
              

             

             

              

             

             

              

             

             

              

             

             

              

             

             

             

            Non-GAAP operating margin

                 1  (5)%   (4)%   (14)% 

            TWILIO INC.

            101 SPEAR STREET, FIRST FLOOR

            SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 94105

            VOTE BY INTERNET

            Before The Meeting- Go towww.proxyvote.com
            Use the Internet to transmit your voting instructions and for electronic delivery of information up until 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time the day before thecut-off date or meeting date. Have your proxy card in hand when you access the web site and follow the instructions to obtain your records and to create an electronic voting instruction form.

            During The Meeting- Go towww.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/TWLO2020

            You may attend the meeting via the Internet and vote during the meeting. Have the information that is printed in the box marked by the arrow available and follow the instructions.

            ELECTRONIC DELIVERY OF FUTURE PROXY MATERIALS

            If you would like to reduce the costs incurred by our company in mailing proxy materials, you can consent to receiving all future proxy statements, proxy cards and annual reports electronically viae-mail or the Internet. To sign up for electronic delivery, please follow the instructions above to vote using the Internet and, when prompted, indicate that you agree to receive or access proxy materials electronically in future years.

            VOTE BY PHONE -1-800-690-6903

            Use any touch-tone telephone to transmit your voting instructions up until 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time the day before thecut-off date or meeting date. Have your proxy card in hand when you call and then follow the instructions.

            VOTE BY MAIL

            Mark, sign and date your proxy card and return it in the postage-paid envelope we have provided or return it to Vote Processing, c/o Broadridge, 51 Mercedes Way, Edgewood, NY 11717.

            TO VOTE, MARK BLOCKS BELOW IN BLUE OR BLACK INK AS FOLLOWS: PAGE 1 OF 2

            D14256-P32581KEEP THIS PORTION FOR YOUR RECORDS

            — — — — — — — — — — — — —  — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —  — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

            DETACH AND RETURN THIS PORTION FOR YOUR RECORDS ONLY

            THIS PROXY CARD IS VALID ONLY WHEN SIGNED AND DATED. DETACH AND RETURN THIS PORTION ONLY The Board of Directors recommends you vote FOR 0000000000 For Withhold For All 02 To withhold authority to vote for any individual nominee(s), mark “For All Except” and write the number(s) of the nominee(s) on the line below. 1. To elect three Class II directors to serve until the 2021 annual meeting of stockholders and until their successors are duly elected and qualified. Nominees 000 01 Byron Deeter 02 Jeffrey Epstein 03 Jeff Lawson The Board of Directors recommends you vote FOR proposals 2 and 3. ForAgainst Abstain 2. To ratify the appointment of KPMG LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2018. 3. To approve, on a non-binding advisory basis, the compensation of our named executive officers. 000 000 NOTE: To transact such other business as may properly come before the Annual Meeting or any adjournments or postponements thereof. The Board of Directors recommends you vote 1 YEAR for proposal 4. 1 year 2 years 3 years Abstain 0000380704_1 R1.0.1.17 non-binding stockholder advisory votes on the compensation of our named executive officers. 0000 Investor Address Line 1 Investor Address Line 2 Investor Address Line 3 Investor Address Line 4 Investor Address Line 5 Please sign exactly as your name(s) appear(s) hereon. When signing as attorney, executor, administrator, or other fiduciary, please give full title as such. Joint owners should each sign personally. All holders must sign. If a corporation or partnership, please sign in full corporate or partnership name by authorized officer. JOB # John Sample 1234 ANYWHERE STREET ANY CITY, ON A1A 1A1 SHARES CUSIP # SEQUENCE # Signature [PLEASE SIGN WITHIN BOX] Date Signature (Joint Owners) Date

            TWILIO INC.

            The Board of Directors recommends you vote FOR the following:


            For
            All


            Withhold
            All


            For All
            Except

            To withhold authority to vote for any individual nominee(s), mark “For All Except” and write the number(s) of the nominee(s) on the line below.

            1.  To elect three Class I directors to serve until the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and until their successors are duly elected and qualified.

            Nominees:

            01)  Richard Dalzell

            02)  Jeffrey Immelt

            03)  Erika Rottenberg

            The Board of Directors recommends you vote FOR proposals 2 and 3.

            ForAgainstAbstain

            2.  To ratify the appointment of KPMG LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2020.

            3.  To approve, on anon-binding advisory basis, the compensation of our named executive officers.

            NOTE:To transact such other business as may properly come before the Annual Meeting or any adjournments or postponements thereof.

            Please sign exactly as your name(s) appear(s) hereon. When signing as attorney, executor, administrator, or other fiduciary, please give full title as such. Joint owners should each sign personally. All holders must sign. If a corporation or partnership, please sign in full corporate or partnership name by authorized officer.

                     ��                       

            Signature [PLEASE SIGN WITHIN BOX]DateSignature (Joint Owners)Date

             



            0000380704_2 R1.0.1.17 Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the Annual Meeting:

            The Annual Report, Notice & Proxy Statement is/are available at www.proxyvote.com TWILIO INC. Annual Meeting of Stockholders June 14, 2018 9:00 AM Pacific Time This proxy is solicited by the Board of Directors The undersigned hereby appoints Jeff Lawson, Lee Kirkpatrick, and Karyn Smith as proxies and attorneys-in-fact of the undersigned, each with the power to act without the other and with the power of substitution, and hereby authorizes them to represent and vote, as designated on the reverse side of this ballot, all of the shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock of Twilio Inc. (the "Company") standing in the name of the undersigned on April 16, 2018, with all powers which the undersigned would possess if present at the 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of the Company to be held on June 14, 2018 or at any adjournment, continuation, or postponement thereof. Receipt of the Notice of the 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and Proxy Statement and the 2017 Annual Report is hereby acknowledged. This proxy, when properly executed, will be voted in the manner directed by you. If you do not provide any direction, this proxy will be voted in accordance with the Board of Directors’ recommendations and in the discretion of the proxies upon such other business as may properly come before the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof. Continued and to be signed on reverse sideare available at www.proxyvote.com.

             

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            D14257-P32581

            TWILIO INC.

            Annual Meeting of Stockholders

            June 3, 2020 9:00 AM Pacific Time

            This proxy is solicited by the Board of Directors

            The undersigned hereby appoints Jeff Lawson, Khozema Shipchandler, and Karyn Smith as proxies andattorneys-in-fact of the undersigned, each with the power to act without the other and with the power of substitution, and hereby authorizes them to represent and vote, as designated on the reverse side of this ballot, all of the shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock of Twilio Inc. (the “Company”) standing in the name of the undersigned on April 6, 2020, with all powers which the undersigned would possess if present at the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of the Company to be held on June 3, 2020 or at any adjournment, continuation, or postponement thereof. Receipt of the Notice of the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and Proxy Statement and the 2019 Annual Report is hereby acknowledged.

            This proxy, when properly executed, will be voted in the manner directed by you. If you do not provide any direction, this proxy will be voted in accordance with the Board of Directors’ recommendations and in the discretion of the proxies upon such other business as may properly come before the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof.

            Continued and to be signed on reverse side